Originally developed for mechanical and aeronautical engineering, structural optimization is not so easily applied to civil and architectural engineering, as structures in these fields are not mass products, but more often unique structures planned in accordance with specific design requirements. The shape and geometry of such structures are determ

Various Formulations of Structural Optimization. Design Sensitivity Analysis. Topology Optimization of Trusses. Configuration Optimization of Trusses. Optimization of Building Frames. Optimization of Spatial Trusses and Frames. Appendix.