Neutral models are constructed to help scientists understand complex patterns of form, structure, or behavior that may not be observed directly. In this unique volume, eight distinguished scientists present a comprehensive study of the use of neutral models in testing biological theories. They describe the principles of model testing and explore how they are applied to research in molecular biology, genetics, ecology, evolution, and paleontology. In addition to the editors, the contributors include Stephen Stigler, David Raup, Paul Harvey, L.B. Slobodkin, Stuart Kauffman, William Wimsatt, and James Crow.

Introduction: Matthew H. Nitecki & Antoni Hoffman: Neutral models as a biological strategy; PART I: MOLECULAR AND GENETIC MODELS: James F. Crow: Neutral models in evolutionary biology - neutral models in molecular evolution; William C. Wimsatt: False models as means to truer theories; Stuart A. Kauffman: Self organization, selective adaption, and its limits - a new pattern of inference in evolution and development; PART II: ECOLOGICAL MODELS: L.B. Slobotkin: How to be objective in community studies; Paul H. Harvey: On the use of null hypotheses in biogeography; PART III: PALEONTOLOGICAL MODELS: David M. Raup: Neutral models in paleobiology; Antoni Hoffman: Neutral model of taxonomic diversification in the phanerozoic - a methodological discussion; Stephen M. Stigler: Testing hypotheses or fitting models? Another look at mass extinctions.