In the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, nonviolent movements for justice have succeeded where violent campaigns have failed. This book examines fourteen cases-eleven movements that succeeded and three that have, until now, failed-and shows why nonviolent strategies work, drawing on the thought of practitioners and theorists. Later chapters examine violent U.S. interventions abroad and at home, as well as citizen movements for nonviolent conflict resolution.

As an introduction to nonviolent movements, this text engages students in recent events from the news as well as the history of modern warfare. Bringing in philosophical and religious texts from a diverse set of traditions, author Michael K. Duffey offers a multifaceted argument for embracing nonviolent solutions to conflict.

Michael K. Duffey is associate professor emeritus and former director of the Interdisciplinary Major in Peace Studies at Marquette University. Duffey specializes in theological ethics with particular attention to issues of justice and peace, human rights, and Protestant and Catholic ethical methodologies. His most recent books are Sowing Justice, Reaping Peace: Case Studies of Racial, Religious, and Ethnic Healing Around the World and Peacemaking and the Challenge of Violence in World Religions (coedited with Irfan A Omar).

Preface

Introduction

Chapter One A Hundred Years of Horrific War-making

The Just War Tradition

World Wars I and II

Five U.S. wars of choice

The war after the war

When wars are unjust

Chapter Two Mohandas Gandhi, the father of modern nonviolent, and war resistance

Early life and South Africa

Gandhi's principles

Gandhi's nonviolent campaigns in India

Nonviolent resistance to the Third Reich?

Nonviolent resistance in occupied Denmark

The rescue of Jews in Southern France

Chapter Three Successful Nonviolent Revolutions

People Power in the Philippines

Poland's and East Germany's victory against Communism

Serbia's Otpor

Tunisia and the beginning of the Arab Spring

Women's liberation in Liberia

Chapter Four Systemic Racism from the Civil Rights Struggle to the Black Lives Matter Movement

U.S. Civil Rights Movements in the 1960s.

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

Malcolm X and the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense

Black Lives Matter

Chapter Five Nonviolent Struggles U..S. Farm Laborers, Native Americans, and Black South Africans

La Causa: justice for migrant farm workers

Native Americans recovering the center

Ending Apartheid in South Africa

Chapter Six Violent America

Empire

Building, buying, and selling weapons

Wars on the home front

Citizen activism?

Chapter Seven Citizen Movements against Violence

Building blocks

Challenging U.S. violence abroad

Overcoming violence at home: systemic racism, poverty, and incarceration

Gun violence

Defending the environment

Chapter Eight Nonviolence, world religions, and the virtues

Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Indigenous Spiritualities

Empathy

Negative and positive otherness

Justice and mercy

Forgiveness and repentance

Afterword

Reaffirming the Power of Nonviolence

Ireland's violent journey to peace

How risky is nonviolence?

Appendix One Two Unsuccessful Nonviolent Struggles for Justice:

Egypt's Arab Spring and the Israel-Palestine conflict

Appendix Two A Thought Experiment: Could emancipation have been achieved without the Civil War?

Abolition, Congressional accommodation, and the Civil War

Bibliography

Index