This book asks whether foreign aid can help post-communist societies to steer their technological innovation systems in more environmentally sound directions. Mikael Sandberg examines the legacy of Soviet-type innovation systems, then looks at opportunities for greener innovations in post-communist Poland, considering:* institutional transformation and environmental investment incentives * the persistence and spread of the first environmental aid projects * the adoption of national environment policies and the role of aid in their implementation * evidence of changing innovation systems in Central and Eastern Europe