An accessible, clear, concise, and contemporary course in geotechnical engineering design.

* covers the major in geotechnical engineering

* packed with self-test problems and projects with an on-line detailed solutions manual

* presents the state-of-the-art field practice

* covers both Eurocode 7 and ASTM standards (for the US)

Ming Xiao is Associate Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Pennsylvania State University, USA

Contributing author Daniel Barreto is Lecturer in Geotechnical Engineering in the School of Engineering and the Built Environment at Edinburgh Napier University, UK

This accessible, clear, concise and contemporary text in geotechnical engineering design covers the major design topics, making it the one stop shop for students. Packed with self-test problems and projects, and with a detailed online solution manual, it presents the state of the art in engineering practice, including soil nail walls, liquefaction, earthquake foundation design and erosion controls.

Geotechnical Engineering Design explains fundamental design principles and approaches in geotechnical engineering, offering an introduction to engineering geology, subsurface explorations, shallow and deep foundations, slope stability analyses and remediation, filters and drains, earth retaining structures, geosynthetics, and basic seismic evaluations of slope stability, lateral earth pressures, and liquefaction. Readers are expected to have taken a soil mechanics course and already understand the principles of engineering properties of soils. The he book applies these principles and focuses on the design methodologies in geotechnical engineering.

Individual chapters present particular design approaches, followed by a detailed sample problem demonstrating it. The chapters begin by explaining why that design topic is important in engineering practice. Hundreds of illustrations on field applications and design approaches are provided throughout the text. Wherever designs are presented, sample problems and solutions are included and homework problems at the end of each chapter test students' basic understanding of the concepts and design approaches as well as challenging them to solve real-world design issues.

A unique aspect of the book is the inclusion of Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design, the European Standard for the design of geotechnical structures. The design approaches of many topics in this book use both limit state design (in Europe) and allowable stress design (in the USA) so two sets of solutions in many sample problems are provided to show both design methodologies. Both British Standards and America Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards are referred to. This allows an international audience to understand the commonalities and differences in geotechnical engineering designs worldwide.

Preface xi

About the Authors xiii

About the Companion Website xv

1. Introduction to Engineering Geology 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Structure of the Earth and geologic time 1

1.3 Formation and classification of rocks 2

1.3.1 Igneous rocks 3

1.3.2 Sedimentary rocks 3

1.3.3 Metamorphic rocks 4

1.4 Engineering properties and behaviors of rocks 4

1.4.1 Geotechnical properties of rocks 4

1.4.2 Comparison of the three types of rocks 6

1.5 Formation and classification of soils 6

1.5.1 Soils formation 6

1.5.2 Soil types 7

1.5.3 Residual and transported soils 8

1.6 Maps used in engineering geology 9

1.6.1 Topographic maps 9

1.6.2 Geologic map 9

Homework Problems 12

References 14

2. Geotechnical Subsurface Exploration 15

2.1 Framework of subsoil exploration 15

2.2 Field drilling and sampling 15

2.2.1 Information required before drilling and sampling 15

2.2.2 Drill rigs 17

2.2.3 Drilling methods and augers 17

2.2.4 Soil sampling methods 23

2.3 Geotechnical boring log 29

2.4 In situ field testing 29

2.4.1 Standard penetration test (SPT) 29

2.4.2 Cone penetration test (CPT) 34

2.4.3 Vane shear test 35

2.4.4 Flat plate dilatometer test 36

2.4.5 Inclinometer test 37

2.4.6 Groundwater monitoring well 38

2.5 Subsurface investigations using geophysical techniques 39

2.5.1 Ground penetration radar (GPR) 40

2.5.2 Electromagnetics in frequency domain and in time domain 42

2.5.3 Electrical resistivity imaging 44

2.5.4 Microgravity 45

2.5.5 Seismic refraction and seismic reflection 45

2.6 Geotechnical investigation report 48

2.6.1 Site reconnaissance and description 48

2.6.2 Subsurface exploration (field exploration) 49

2.6.3 Laboratory testing 50

2.6.4 Geotechnical engineering recommendations 50

2.6.5 Appendix 51

Homework Problems 51

References 56

3. Shallow Foundation Design 57

3.1 Introduction to foundation design 57

3.2 Bearing capacity of shallow foundations 59

3.2.1 Failure modes of shallow foundations 60

3.2.2 Terzaghi's bearing capacity theory 61

3.2.3 The general bearing capacity theory 64

3.2.4 Effect of groundwater on ultimate bearing capacity 67

3.2.5 Foundation design approach based on allowable bearing capacity and the global factor of safety approach 69

3.2.6 Foundation design approach based on allowable bearing capacity and the partial factor of safety approach 71

3.2.7 Bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded shallow foundations 81

3.2.8 Mat foundations 90

3.3 Settlements of shallow foundations 92

3.3.1 Vertical stress increase due to external load 92

3.3.2 Elastic settlement 98

3.3.3 Consolidation settlement 103

Homework Problems 108

References 116

4. Introduction to Deep Foundation Design 118

4.1 Introduction to deep foundations 118

4.1.1 Needs for deep foundation 118

4.1.2 Foundation types 118

4.1.3 Driven pile foundation design and construction process 118

4.2 Pile load transfer mechanisms and factor of safety 120

4.3 Static bearing capacity of a single pile 123

4.3.1 Nordlund method, for cohesionless soil 123

4.3.2 a-method, for undrained cohesive soil 130

4.3.3 ß-method, for drained cohesionless and cohesive soils 134

4.3.4 Bearing capacity (resistance) on the basis of the results of static load tests 137

4.4 Vertical bearing capacity of pile groups 139

4.5 Settlement of pile groups 144

4.5.1 Elastic compression of piles 145

4.5.2 Empirical equations for pile group settlement using field penetration data 145

4.5.3 Consolidation settlement of a pile group in saturated cohesive soil 145

Homework Problems 150

References 152

5. Slope Stability Analyses and Stabilization Measures 154

5.1 Introduction 154

5.2 Overview of slope stability analyses 156

5.3 Slope stability analyses - infinite slope methods 159

5.3.1 Dry slopes 159

5.3.2 Submerged slopes with no seepage 160

5.3.3 Submerged slopes with seepage parallel to the slope face 161

5.4 Slope stability analyses - Culmann's method for planar failure surfaces 163

5.5 Slope stability analyses - curved failure surfaces 168

5.5.1 Undrained clay slope (f = 0) 168

5.5.2 c - f soil (both c and f are not zero) 171

5.6 Slope stability analyses - methods of slices 173

5.6.1 Ordinary method of slices (Fellenius method of slices) 173

5.6.2 Bishop's modified method of slices 178

5.7 Slope st…