Written in an engaging and jargon-free style by a team of
international and interdisciplinary experts, Modern
Environments and Human Health demonstrates by example how
methods, theoretical approaches, and data from a wide range of
disciplines can be used to resolve longstanding questions about the
second epidemiological transition. The first book to address the
subject from a multi-regional, comparative, and interdisciplinary
perspective, Modern Environments and Human
Health is a valuable resource for students and academics
in biological anthropology, economics, history, public health,
demography, and epidemiology.

Molly K. Zuckerman is Assistant Professor in the
Department of Anthropology and Middle Eastern Cultures at
Mississippi State University. The author of numerous peer-reviewed
publications, Dr. Zuckerman also teaches introductory courses in
anthropology and biological anthropology, osteology, and human
behavior and disease.

Contributors vii

Acknowledgments ix

1 Introduction: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the SecondEpidemiologic Transition 1
Molly K. Zuckerman

Part 1 Causes of the Second Epidemiologic Transition

2 Infectious Disease in Philadelphia, 1690-1807: AnEcological Perspective 17
Gilda M. Anroman

3 Modeling the Second Epidemiologic Transition in London:Patterns of Mortality and Frailty during Industrialization35
Sharon N. DeWitte

4 The Wider Background of the Second Transition in Europe:Information from Skeletal Material 55
Nikola Koepke

5 The Epidemiological Transition in Practice: Consumption,Phthisis, and TB in the 19th Century 81
Jeffrey K. Beemer

Part 2 Epidemic Infectious Disease and the SecondEpidemiologic Transition

6 Agent-Based Modeling and the Second EpidemiologicTransition 105
Carolyn Orbann, Jessica Dimka, Erin Miller and LisaSattenspiel

7 Does Exposure to Influenza Very Early in Life AffectMortality Risk during a Subsequent Outbreak? The 1890 and 1918Pandemics in Canada 123
Stacey Hallman and Alain Gagnon

Part 3 Regional and Temporal Variation in the SecondEpidemiologic Transition

8 The Second Epidemiologic Transition in Western Poland139
Alicja Budnik

9 The Timing of the Second Epidemiologic Transition in SmallUS Towns and Cities: Evidence from Local Cemeteries 163
Lisa Sattenspiel and Rebecca S. Lander

10 Industrialization and the Changing Mortality Environmentin an English Community during the Industrial Revolution179
Peter M. Kitson

Part 4 Marginalized and Underrepresented Communities in theSecond Epidemiologic Transition

11 Short Women and Their Stagnating Growth: A Study ofBiological Welfare and Inequality of Women in Postcolonial India201
Aravinda Meera Guntupalli

12 Tracking the Second Epidemiologic Transition UsingBioarchaeological Data on Infant Morbidity and Mortality225
Megan A. Perry

13 The Biological Effects of Urbanization and In-Migration on19th-Century-Born African Americans and Euro-Americans of LowSocioeconomic Status: An Anthropological and Historical Approach243
Carlina de la Cova

Part 5 The Environment and the Second EpidemiologicTransition

14 Reassessing the Good and Bad of Modern Environments:Developing a More Comprehensive Approach to Health Trend Assessment267
Lawrence M. Schell

15 Childhood Lead Exposure in the British Isles during theIndustrial Revolution 279
Andrew Millard, Janet Montgomery, Mark Trickett, Julia Beaumont,Jane Evans, and Simon Chenery

16 The Hygiene Hypothesis and the Second EpidemiologicTransition 301
Molly K. Zuckerman and George J. Armelagos

17 Comparative Parasitological Perspectives on EpidemiologicTransitions: The Americas and Europe 321
Karl J. Reinhard and Elisa Pucu de Araújo

Part 6 Epilogue

18 The Second Epidemiologic Transition, Adaptation, and theEvolutionary Paradigm 339
George J. Armelagos

19 The Second Epidemiologic Transition from anEpidemiologist's Perspective 353
Nancy L. Fleischer and Robert E. McKeown

20 Methodological Perspectives on the Second EpidemiologicTransition: Current and Future Research 369
Richard H. Steckel

21 The Current State of Knowledge on the IndustrialEpidemiologic Transition: Where Do We Go from Here? 377
Timothy B. Gage

Index 393