Details the design and process of water supply systems, tracing
the progression from source to sink

* Organized and logical flow, tracing the connections in the
water-supply system from the water's source to its eventual
use

* Emphasized coverage of water supply infrastructure and the
design of water treatment processes

* Inclusion of fundamentals and practical examples so as to
connect theory with the realities of design

* Provision of useful reference for practicing engineers who
require a more in-depth coverage, higher level students studying
drinking water systems as well as students in preparation for the
FE/PE examinations

* Inclusion of examples and homework questions in both SI and US
units

NAZIH K. SHAMMAS is currently a consultant, book editor and author. He has been an environmental expert, researcher, professor, and consultant for more than 40 years. He was Dean and Director at the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and consultant to Krofta Engineering Corporation as well as the recipient of a Block Grant from the University of Michigan, First Award for best thesis of the year from the Sigma Xi Society, Commendation from ABET, and the GCC Prize for Best Environmental Work. Dr Shammas is included for more than 20 years in 5 of the Who's Who Publications. He is the author of over 250 publications and 20 environmental engineering books.

LAWRENCE K. WANG is currently a consultant to industries, municipalities, and the US Federal and local governments. He has been a facility manager, design engineer, inventor, professor, and book editor for more than 45 years. He was acting president of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and Engineering Director of Krofta Engineering Corporation, as well as a recipient of the 5-Star Innovative Engineering Award, the NYWEA Kenneth Research Award, and the Korean WPCA Engineering Award. Dr Wang is an inventor of 29 US and foreign patents, and an author of 700+ scientific papers and 40+ engineering books. He is listed in the Who's Who in America and Who's Who of the World.

Klappentext

Details the design and process of water supply systems, tracing the progression from source to sink

A clean water supply with sufficient quantity and pressure is necessary for public health and fire protection. Increasing urbanization and industrialization, however, places high levels of stress on water supply systems. Acceptable quality and sufficient sources of water for municipal purposes are becoming more difficult to find. New and improved water resources conservation, treatment and distribution technologies are constantly being researched and developed in order to keep up with the growing demand for water. An effective design for drinking water systems relies on an understanding and application of scientific principles. Environmental engineers employ diverse biological, physical, and chemical techniques to extract and treat water from a variety of resources including surface water, groundwater, seawater, and rain/snow.

Water Engineering: Hydraulics, Distribution and Treatment, discusses water quality, quantity, pressure and delivery subjects, variations and deals with different infrastructural components of municipal water systems, such as collection, purification, transmission, and distribution works. It also discusses the ways in which these systems and treatments supplement one another to produce a purified water supply with sufficient quantity and pressure, that meets the needs of the population.

It features:

• An organized and logical flow, tracing the connections in the water supply system from the water's source to its eventual use
• Design of water-supply infrastructure and water treatment processes
• Useful references for practicing water engineers who require a more in-depth, higher level description of drinking water systems as well as senior and graduate students in preparation for the FE/PE examinations
• Many design examples and homework questions in both SI and US units
• Fundamentals and practical examples so as to connect theory with the realities of water system design

Preface xvii

Acknowledgments xix

1 Introduction to Water Systems 1

1.1 Components of Water Systems 2

1.2 Required Capacity 2

1.3 Sources of Water Supply 3

1.4 Rainwater 4

1.5 Surface Water 5

1.6 Groundwater 6

1.7 Purification Works 9

1.8 Transmission Works 12

1.9 Distribution Works 12

1.10 Water Systems Management 15

1.11 Individual Water Systems 17

Problems/Questions 18

References 19

2 Water Sources: Surface Water 21

2.1 Sources of Surface Water 21

2.2 Safe Yield of Streams 24

2.3 Storage as a Function of Draft and Runoff 24

2.4 Design Storage 25

2.5 Loss by Evaporation, Seepage, and Silting 27

2.6 Area and Volume of Reservoirs 31

2.7 Management of Catchment Areas 32

2.8 Reservoir Siting 33

2.9 Reservoir Management 33

2.10 Dams and Dikes 34

2.11 Spillways 36

2.12 Intakes 37

2.13 Diversion Works 38

2.14 Collection of Rainwater 39

Problems/Questions 41

References 42

3 Water Sources: Groundwater 45

3.1 Porosity and Effective Porosity 45

3.2 Permeability 47

3.3 Groundwater Geology 47

3.4 Groundwater Situation in The United States 48

3.5 Types of Aquifers 48

3.6 Groundwater Movement 49

3.7 Darcy's Law 49

3.8 Aquifer Characteristics 50

3.9 Well Hydraulics 52

3.10 Nonsteady Radial Flow 52

3.11 Prediction of Drawdown 60

3.12 Multiple-Well Systems 63

3.13 Aquifer Boundaries 67

3.14 Characteristics of Wells 70

3.15 Yield of a Well 71

3.16 Well Design 73

3.17 Well Construction 74

3.18 Evaluation of Aquifer Behavior 77

3.19 Groundwater Quality Management 78

3.20 Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water 79

Problems/Questions 84

References 85

4 Quantities of Water Demand 87

4.1 Design Period 87

4.2 Design Population 88

4.3 Water Consumption 92

4.4 Variations or Patterns of Water Demand 96

4.5 Demand and Drainage Loads of Buildings 104

Problems/Questions 106

References 106

5 Water Hydraulics, Transmission, and Appurtenances 109

5.1 Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, and Water Transmission 109

5.2 Fluid Transport 121

5.3 Capacity and Size of Conduits 152

5.4 Multiple Lines 154

5.5 Cross-Sections 155

5.6 Structural Requirements 155

5.7 Location 156

5.8 Materials of Construction 159

5.9 Appurtenances 160

5.10 Additional Hydraulics Topics 164

Problems/Questions 172

References 178

6 Water Distribution Systems: Components, Design, and Operation 181

6.1 Distribution Systems 181

6.2 System Components 183

6.3 System Capacity 185

6.4 System Pressure 185

6.5 Field Performance of Existing Systems 186

6.6 Office Studies of Pipe Networks 187

6.7 Industrial Water Systems 197

6.8 Management, Operation, and Maintenance of Distribution Systems 197

6.9 Practical Design and Analysis of Water Distribution Systems 202

Problems/Questions 205

References 210

7 Water Distribution Systems: Modeling and Computer Applications 213

7.1 Watergems Software 213

7.2 Water Demand Patterns 213

7.3 Energy Losses and Gains 214

7.4 Pipe Networks 215

7.5 Network Analysis 216

7.6 Water Quality Modeling 216

7.7 Automated Optimizati…