Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena, Volume II presents interpretations of the physical basis of shockwaves and high-temperature hydrodynamic phenomena and gives practical guidance to those who work with these subjects in science and modern technology.

This volume contains chapters discussing such topics as the shockwave structure in gases; physical and chemical kinetics in hydrodynamic processes; the radiative phenomena in shock waves and in strong explosions in the air; thermal waves and shockwaves in solids; and self-similar processes in gasdynamics.

Physicists, engineers, researchers, and professors and students in the field of the physical sciences will find the book very educational.

Editors' Foreword
Preface to the English Edition

Preface to the First Russian Edition

Preface to the Second Russian Edition

Condensed Contents of Volume I

VII. Shock Wave Structure in Gases

Introduction

1. The Shock Front

Viscous Shock Front

The Role of Viscosity and Heat Conduction in the Formation of a Shock Front

Diffusion in a Binary Gas Mixture

Diffusion in a Shock Wave Propagating through a Binary Mixture

2. The Relaxation Layer

Shock Waves in a Gas with Slow Excitation of Some Degrees of Freedom

Excitation of Molecular Vibrations

Dissociation of Diatomic Molecules

Shock Waves in Air

. Ionization in a Monatomic Gas

. Ionization in Air

. Shock Waves in a Plasma

. Polarization of a Plasma and the Creation of an Electric Field in a Shock Wave

3. Radiant Heat Exchange in a Shock Front

. Qualitative Picture

. Approximate Formulation of the Problem of the Front Structure

. The Subcritical Shock Wave

. The supercritical Shock Wave

. Shock Waves at High Energy Densities and Radiation Pressures

VIII. Physical and Chemical Kinetics in Hydrodynamic Processes

1. Dynamics of a Nonequilibrium Gas

The Gasdynamic Equations in the Absence of Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Entropy Increase

Anomalous Dispersion and Absorption of Ultrasound

The Dispersion Law and the Absorption Coefficient for Ultrasound

2. Chemical Reactions

Oxidation of Nitrogen in Strong Explosions in Air

3. Disturbance of Thermodynamic Equilibrium in the Sudden Expansion of a Gas into Vacuum

Sudden Expansion of a Gas Cloud

Freezing Effect

Disturbance of Ionization Equilibrium

The Kinetics of Recombination and Cooling of the Gas Following the Disturbance of Ionization Equilibrium

4. Vapor Condensation in an Isentropic Expansion

. Saturated Vapor and the Origin of Condensation Centers

. The Thermodynamics and Kinetics of the Condensation Process

. Condensation in a Cloud of Evaporated Fluid Suddenly Expanding into Vacuum

. On the Problem of the Mechanism of Formation of Cosmic Dust. Remarks on Laboratory Investigations of Condensation

IX. Radiative Phenomena in Shock Waves and in Strong Explosions in Air

1. Luminosity of Strong Shock Fronts in Gases

Qualitative Dependence of the Brightness Temperature on the True Temperature Behind the Front

Photon Absorption in Cold Air

Maximum Brightness Temperature for Air

Limiting Luminosity of Very Strong Waves in Air

2. Optical Phenomena Observed in Strong Explosions and the Cooling of the Air by Radiation

General Description of Luminous phenomena

Breakaway of the Shock Front from the Boundary of the Fireball

Minimum Luminosity Effect of the Fireball

Radiation Cooling of Air

Origin of the Temperature Drop-The Cooling Wave

. Energy Balance and Propagation Velocity of the Cooling Wave

. Contraction of the Cooling Wave Toward the Center

. The Spark Discharge in Air

3. Structure of Cooling Wave Fronts

. Statement of the Problem

. Radiation Flux from the Surface of the Wave Front

. Temperature Distribution in the Front of a Strong Wave

. Consideration of Adiabatic Cooling

X. Thermal Waves

The Thermal Conductivity of a Fluid

Nonlinear (Radiation) Heat Conduction

Characteristic Features of Heat Propagation by Linear and Nonlinear Heat Conduction

The Law of Propagation of Thermal Waves from an Instantaneous Plane Source

Self-Similar Thermal Waves from an Instantaneous Plane Source

Propagation of Heat from an Instantaneous Point Source

Some Self-Similar Plane Problems

Remarks on the Penetration of Heat into Moving Media

Self-Similar Solutions as Limiting Solutions of Nonself-Similar Problems

. Heat Transfer by Nonequilibrium Radiation

XI. Shock Waves in Solids

Introduction

1. Thermodynamic Properties of Solids at High Pressures and Temperatures

Compression of a Cold Material

Thermal Motion of Atoms

Equation of State for a Material whose Atoms Undergo Small Vibrations

Thermal Excitation of Electrons

A Three-Term Equation of State

2. The Hugoniot Curve

Hugoniot Curve for a Condensed Substance

Analytical Representation of Hugoniot Curves

Weak Shock Waves

. Shock Compression of Porous Materials

. Emergence of Weak Shock Waves from the Free Surface of a Solid

. Experimental Methods of Determining Hugoniot Curves for Solids

. Determination of Cold Compression Curves from the Results of Shock Compression Experiments

3. Acoustic Waves and Splitting of Waves

. Static Deformation of a Solid

. Transition of a Solid Medium into the Plastic State

. Propagation Speed of Acoustic Waves

. Splitting of Compression and Unloading Waves

. Measurement of the Speed of Sound in a Material Compressed by a Shock Wave

. Phase Transitions and Splitting of Shock Waves

. Rarefaction Shock Waves in a Medium Undergoing a Phase Transition

4. Phenomena Associated with the Emergence of a Very Strong Shock Wave at the Free Surface of a Body

. Limiting Cases of the Solid and Gaseous States of an Unloaded Material

. Criterion for Complete Vaporization of a Material on Unloading

. Experimental Determination of Temperature and Entropy Behind a Very Strong Shock by Investigating the Unloaded Material in the Gas Phase

. Luminosity of Metallic Vapors in Unloading

. Remarks on the Basic Possibility of Measuring the Entropy Behind a Shock Wave from the Luminosity During Unloading

5. Some Other Phenomena

. Electrical Conductivity of Nonmetals Behind Shock Waves

. Measuring the Index of Refraction of a Material Compressed by a Shock Wave

XII. Some Self-Similar Processes in Gasdynamics

1. Introduction

Transformation Groups Admissible by the Gasdynamic Equations

Self-Similar Motions

Conditions for Self-Similar Motion

Two Types of Self-Similar Solutions

2 Implosion of a Spherical Shock Wave and the Collapse of Bubbles in a Liquid

Statement of the Problem of an Imploding Shock Wave

Basic Equations

Analysis of the Equations

Numerical Results for the Solutions

Collapse of Bubbles. The Rayleigh Problem

. Collapse of Bubbles. Effect of Compressibility and Viscosity

3. The Emergence of a Shock Wave at the Surface of a Star

. Propagation of a Shock Wave for a Power-Law Decrease in Density

. On Explosions of Supernovae and the Origin of Cosmic Rays

4. Motion of a Gas …