Progress in Immunology: First International Congress of Immunology is a collection of papers and summaries of the workshops conducted at the First International Congress of Immunology. The proceedings review significant advances that have been made in the field of immunology and covers topics ranging from the structure and genetics of antibodies to lymphocyte membranes and the role of antibodies and complexes in immune tissue damage. Cell cooperation in the immune response is also examined.

This volume is organized into 15 sections and begins with a discussion on the structure of immunoglobulins and results of experiments which support the domain hypothesis and the evolution of immunoglobulins by gene duplication, along with the presence of genetic markers in V regions. The reader is then introduced to expansion and contraction in the evolution of immunoglobulin gene pools; receptors for C3 on B lymphocytes and their possible role in the immune response; and subpopulations of thymus cells and thymus-derived lymphocytes. Tne remaining sections focus on effector mechahisms of cell-mediated immunity; genetic control of immune responsiveness; immune disorders in humans such as glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis; and viruses involved in immunopathology.

This book is dedicated to immunologists.

List of Contributors

Preface


I The Structure and Genetics of Antibodies


Immunoglobulin Structure: Diversity, Gene Duplication, and Domains


Ammo Acid Sequence of the y Chain of He


Evolution by Gene Duplication


The Domain Hypothesis


The Nature of Immunoglobulin Diversity


Translocation and the Origin of Diversity


References


Three-Dimensional Structure of Immunoglobulins


Experimental


Results


References


Expansion and Contraction in the Evolution of Immunoglobulin Gene Pools


IgG Subclasses


Basic Sequences and Variable Genes


Nonrandom Mutation and Selection


References


Structural Localization, Allelic Exclusion, and Linkage Relationships of Rabbit Allotypes


Introduction


Regions of Rabbit Immunoglobulins and Location of Genetic Markers


Allelic Exclusion


Linkage Relationships


References


Genetic Control of the Biosynthesis of IgG and IgM


I. Introduction


II. Individual Antigenic Specificities in Til IgG and IgM


III. Amino Acid Sequences


IV. Cellular Localization of Til IgG and IgM


V. Discussion


References


II Lymphocyte Membranes


Receptors for C3 on B Lymphocytes : Possible Role in the Immune Response


I. What Are Complement-Receptor Lymphocytes (CRL)?


II. What Distinguishes CRL from Mononuclear Phagocytes?


III. Are CRL B or T Lymphocytes?


IV. Do All B Lymphocytes Have a Complement Receptor?


V. Which Is the Complement Component Involved?


VI. What May Be the Function of the C3 Receptor on Lymphocytes?


References


Subpopulations of Thymus Cells and Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes


I. Introduction


II. Thymus Cell Differentiation and Heterogeneity


III. Heterogeneity of T Lymphocytes


References


Classes and Subclasses of Surface-Bound Immunoglobulins on Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Man


Text


References


Immunoglobulin Determinants on the Surface of Antigen Binding T- and B-Lymphocytes in Mice


Introduction


Evidence That Both B and T Cells Form Rosettes


Methods


Results and Conclusions


References


Antiimmunoglobulin Antibody as Antigen. A Functional Approach to Receptor Immunoglobulin of Thymus Cells


Material and Methods


Experiments and Results


Discussion


Summary


References


III The Role of Antibodies and Complexes in Immune Tissue Damage


Initiating Events in Immune Complex Injury


An Active Process Responsible for the Deposition of Circulating Immune Complexes


Immunologic Release of Vasoactive Amines from Platelets


Basophils and IgE in the Release of Vasoactive Constituents of Platelets


A Soluble Factor (PAF) Released from the Basophils That Aggregates Platelets and Induces Release of Vasoactive Amines


Lack of Participation of Complement Components in the Release of Vasoactive Amines from Platelets in Acute Immune Complex Disease ( Serum Sickness ) in Rabbits


Correlation of the Basophil-Dependent Mechanism of Histamine Release from Platelets and the Deposition of Immune Complexes and Development of Injury


Summary


References


Release of Biologically Active Constituents from Blood Cells and Its Role in Antibody-Mediated Tissue Injury


I. Tissue Injury Induced by Antiglomerular Basement Membrane Antibody ( Nephrotoxic Nephritis )


II. Release of Constituents from Neutrophils Adhering to Immune Reactants on Nonphagocytosable Surfaces


III. The Release Mechanism in Nephrotoxic Nephritis


IV. Summary


References


The Immunological Release of Chemical Mediators of Immediate Type Hypersensitivity from Human Lung


I. Introduction


II. Chemical Mediators of Immediate Type Hypersensitivity


III. Immunologic Release of Chemical Mediators from Human Lung


IV. Pharmacologie Inhibition


V. Concluding Comments


References


Cytochalasin B Reversibly Inhibits Phagocytosis by Human Blood Leukocytes


Text


References


Actions and Interactions of Immunoglobulins in Immune Tissue Damage


I. Role of Antibodies of Known Immunoglobulin Classes


II. Interacting Roles of Antibodies of Different Classes


III. Target Accessibility to Immune Agents


IV. Conclusion


References


Cellular and Humoral Studies in Diseases with Heart-Reactive Antibodies


Heart-Reactive Antibodies in Rheumatic Fever


Heart-Reactive Antibodies in Transplantation


Heart-Reactive Antibodies in Other Disease States


Summary


References


IV Structure of Ig (Combining Sites and Chain Interactions)


Affinity Labeling of Rabbi Antibodies with e-4-Azido-2-Nitrophenyl Lysine


Introduction


Isolation of Labeled Peptides from Anti-Nap Antibody Preparation A


Affinity Labeling of Anti-Nap Antibody Preparation B


Affinity Labeling of Antidinitrophenyl Antibodies with Nap-[3H]lysine


Discussion


References


Combining Sites of Anti-2,4-Dinitrophenyl Antibodies


Text


References


Modification of Immunoglobulin Combining Sites


Affinity-Labeling Studies


Studies with Tetranitromethane


Site-Directed Cross Linking


Discussion


References


Localization of Affinity Label within the Primary Structure of y2 Chain from Guinea Pig IgG(2)


Text


References


An Approach to the Mapping of Active Sites by Affinity Labeling


Text


References


Tentative Structure of Human IgM Immunoglobulin


Polypeptide Chain Structure and Carbohydrate Groups of IgM Immunoglobulins


Tentative Amino Acid Sequence of …