This completely revised and updated edition of the highly successful UMTS Signaling provides a deep insight into all aspects of UMTS signalling. The chapter structure has been reworked for improved "usability" for readers, as well as including many new features and updates.

The successful trial, deployment, operation and troubleshooting of 3G or UMTS infrastructures and applications is the biggest challenge facing today's mobile communications. Network element instability, network element and multi-vendor interoperability, configuration and network planning faults are just a few of the challenges affecting performance and profitability that need to be addressed. This book is an invaluable guide to resolving such problems.

Highlights of the Second Edition:

• Includes new information and scenarios on HSPA / HSDPA / HSUPA, and IMS
• Covers not only WCDMA, but also TD-SCDMA issues
• Contains up-to-date information on releases 5 and 6, and includes a new chapter on the future releases 7 and 8
• Provides crucial information for network operators and equipment suppliers keen to understand how to handle and analyse UMTS signaling procedures in order to get the network into operation, detect errors and troubleshoot faults
• Uses first hand, real world information to explain issues which are unclear in the standards
• Includes comprehensive descriptions and documentation of UMTS reference scenarios for different UMTS procedures

The unified comprehensive approach taken by the authors makes this book essential reading for engineers in network operators, integrators or system suppliers who need to be at the cutting edge of this technology. It will also be an invaluable resource for postgraduates on telecommunications courses, especially those with a focus on signal analysis.

Ralf Kreher works as a Solution Architect for Tektronix' Mobile Protocol Test (MPT) business with a focus on UMTS Performance Measurement and Key Performance Indicator (KPI) implementation. Previously hewas head of the MPT Customer Training Department for almost four years and was responsible for a world-class seminar portfolio for mobile technologies and measurement products. Before joining Tektronix, Kreher held a trainer assignment for switching equipment at Teles AG, Berlin.
Kreher holds a Communication Engineering Degree of the University of Applied Science, Deutsche Telekom Leipzig. He is internationally recognized as an author of the following books: UMTS Signaling (Wiley) and UMTS Performance Measurement. A Practical Guide to KPIs for the UTRAN Environment (Wiley). He currently resides in Germany.

Torsten Ruedebusch is head of the Knowledgeware and Training Department for Tektronix' Mobile Protocol Test business (MPT). He is responsible for providing leading edge technology and product seminars and the creation of knowledgeware products, from the extensive Tektronix' expertise. Before joining Tektronix, Ruedebusch held an application engineer assignment at Siemens CTE.
Ruedebusch holds a Communication Engineering degree from the Technical College Deutsche Telekom, Berlin. He currently resides in Germany.

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

About the Authors xix

1 UMTS Basics 1

1.1 Standards 2

1.2 Network Architecture 4

1.2.1 GSM 4

1.2.2 UMTS Release 99 5

1.2.3 UMTS Release 4 7

1.2.4 UMTS Release 5 8

1.2.5 HSPA 12

1.2.6 UMTS Release 6 21

1.2.7 UMTS Release 7 and Beyond 24

1.2.8 TD-SCDMA 26

1.3 UMTS Interfaces 28

1.3.1 Iu Interface 28

1.3.2 Iub Interface 29

1.3.3 Iur Interface 29

1.4 UMTS Domain Architecture 31

1.5 UTRAN 31

1.5.1 RNC 33

1.5.2 Node B 35

1.5.3 Area Concept 35

1.5.4 UMTS User Equipment and USIM 36

1.5.5 Mobiles 38

1.5.6 QoS Architecture 39

1.6 UMTS Security 41

1.6.1 Historic Development 41

1.6.2 UMTS Security Architecture 46

1.6.3 Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) 48

1.6.4 Kasumi/Misty 53

1.6.5 Integrity - Air Interface Integrity Mechanism 55

1.6.6 Confidentiality - Encryption (Ciphering) on Uu and Iub 58

1.6.7 UMTS Network Transactions 63

1.7 Radio Interface Basics 63

1.7.1 Duplex Methods 64

1.7.2 Multiple Access Methods 64

1.7.3 UMTS CDMA 65

1.7.4 CDMA Spreading/Channelization 66

1.7.5 Microdiversity - Multipath (FDD and TDD) 67

1.7.6 Microdiversity - Softer Handover (FDD) 67

1.7.7 Macrodiversity - Soft Handover (FDD) 68

1.7.8 UMTS Spreading (FDD and TDD) 68

1.7.9 Scrambling 69

1.7.10 Coding Summary (FDD) 69

1.7.11 Signal to Interference (FDD) 69

1.7.12 Cell Breathing (FDD) 70

1.7.13 UMTS Channels (FDD and TDD) 72

1.7.14 Transport Channels (FDD and TDD) 74

1.7.15 Common Transport Channels (FDD and TDD) 74

1.7.16 Dedicated Transport Channels (FDD and TDD) 75

1.7.17 Initial UE Radio Access (FDD) 76

1.7.18 Power Control (FDD and TDD) 77

1.7.19 UE Random Access (FDD) 79

1.7.20 Power Control in Soft Handover (FDD) 80

1.8 UMTS Network Protocol Architecture 81

1.8.1 Iub - Control Plane 82

1.8.2 Iub - User Plane 83

1.8.3 Iur - User/Control Plane 84

1.8.4 luCS - User/Control Plane 85

1.8.5 IuPS - User/Control Plane 86

1.8.6 E - User/Control Plane 86

1.8.7 Gn - User/Control Plane 87

1.9 SIGTRAN 87

1.10 ATM 89

1.10.1 ATM Cell 90

1.10.2 ATM Layer Architecture 91

1.10.3 ATM Adaption Layer (AAL) 91

1.10.4 AAL2 92

1.10.5 AAL5 92

1.11 User Plane Framing Protocol 93

1.11.1 Frame Architecture 93

1.11.2 FP Control Frame Architecture 94

1.12 Medium Access Protocol (MAC) 95

1.12.1 MAC Architecture 95

1.12.2 MAC Data PDU 96

1.12.3 MAC Header Alternatives 98

1.13 Radio Link Control (RLC) 98

1.13.1 RLC Services 99

1.13.2 RLC Functions 100

1.13.3 RLC Architecture 102

1.13.4 RLC Data PDUs 103

1.13.5 Other RLC PDUs 104

1.14 Service Specific Connection Oriented Protocol (SSCOP) 104

1.14.1 Example SSCOP 105

1.15 Service Specific Coordination Function (SSCF) 106

1.16 Message Transfer Part Level 3 - Broadband (MTP3-B) 106

1.17 Internet Protocol (IP) 107

1.17.1 IPv4 Frame Architecture 108

1.18 Signaling Transport Converter (STC) 108

1.19 Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) 109

1.19.1 Example SCCP 110

1.20 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) in UMTS 111

1.20.1 ASN.1 BER 111

1.20.2 ASN.1 PER 112

1.21 Radio Resource Control (RRC) 112

1.21.1 RRC States (3GPP 25.331) 113

1.21.2 System Information Blocks (SIBs) 118

1.22 Node B Application Part (NBAP) 124

1.22.1 NBAP Functions 124

1.22.2 NBAP Elementary Procedures (EPs) 125

1.22.3 Example - NBAP 126

1.23 Radio Network Subsystem Application Part (RNSAP) 126

1.23.1 RNSAP Functions 126

1.23.2 Example - RNSAP Procedures 127

1.24 Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) 128

1.24.1 RANAP Elementary Procedures (EPs) 129

1.24.2 Example - RANAP Procedure 131

1.25 ATM Adaptation Layer Type 2 - Layer 3 (AAL2L3/ALCAP) 131

1.25.1 AAL2L3 Message Format 131

1.25.2 Example - AAL2L3 Procedure 132

1.26 IU User Plane Protocol 134

1.26.1 Iu UP Transparent Mode 134

1.26.2 Iu UP Support Mode Data Frames 134

1.26.3 Iu UP Support Mode Control Frames 136

1.26.4 Example - Iu UP Support Mode Message Flow 136

1.27 Adaptive Multirate (AMR) Codec 136

1.27.1 AM…