This new revision of an instant classic presents practical solutions to the problem of energy storage on a massive scale. This problem is especially difficult for renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar power, that, currently, can only be utilized while the wind is blowing or while the sun is shining. If energy storage on a large scale were possible, this would solve many of our society's problems. For example, power grids would not go down during peak usage. Power plants that run on natural gas, for example, would no longer burn natural gas during the off-hours, as what happens now. These are just two of society's huge problems that could be solved with this new technology. This new edition includes additional discussion and new sections on energy problem including increasing population and greenhouse effects, and an expanded overview of energy storage types. Chapter two has been expanded to provide further discussion of the fundamentals of energy and new sections on elastic, electrical, chemical, and thermal energy. Two new chapters have been added that provide a discussion of electrolytes and membranes and on flexible and stretchable energy storage devices. A new section has also been added on the future of energy storage in the final chapter. This is a potentially revolutionary book insofar as technical books can be "revolutionary." The technologies that are described have their roots in basic chemistry that engineers have been practicing for years, but this is all new material that could revolutionize the energy industry. Whether the power is generated from oil, natural gas, coal, solar, wind, or any of the other emerging sources, energy storage is something that the industry must learn and practice. With the world energy demand increasing, mostly due to the industrial growth in China and India, and with the West becoming increasingly more interested in fuel efficiency and "green" endeavors, energy storage is potentially a key technology in our energy future.

Ralph Zito, PhD, was a pioneer in the field of electrical energy for over 30 years. With more than 40 patents and 60 papers to his credit, his resume is a virtual who's who of energy companies, such as GE, Westinghouse, and Sylvania, to name a few. He taught at the Carnegie Institute, where he obtained his doctorate, and did research at New York University, where he received his baccalaureate. Ralph Zito passed away in 2012.

Haleh Ardebili, PhD, is currently the Bill D. Cook Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Houston. She also holds a joint appointment in Materials Science and Engineering Program. She received her B.S. Honors degree in Engineering Science and Mechanics from Pennsylvania State University (1994), M.S. in Mechanical Engineering at the Johns Hopkins University (1996), and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Maryland at College Park (2001). Ardebili was a research scientist at General Electric R&D, and later a postdoctoral fellow at Rice University in 2010 before joining University of Houston. Her current research work focuses on materials for energy storage and topics include flexible and stretchable lithium ion batteries, next-generation polymer nanocomposite electrolytes among others. She has several publications and patents in the areas of energy storage and electronics. Her awards and honors include the NSF CAREER, Texas Space Grants Consortium New Investigators Program, and the Kittinger award for teaching. She is a regular contributor to the National Public Radio Show, "Engines of Our Ingenuity".

Klappentext

A revision of the groundbreaking study of methods for storing energy on a massive scale to be used in wind, solar, and other renewable energy systems.

This new revision of an instant classic presents practical solutions to the problem of energy storage on a massive scale. This problem is especially difficult for renewable energy technologies, such as wind and solar power, that, currently, can only be utilized while the wind is blowing or while the sun is shining. If energy storage on a large scale were possible, this would solve many of our society's problems. For example, power grids would not go down during peak usage. Power plants that run on natural gas, for example, would no longer burn natural gas during the off-hours, as what happens now. These are just two of society's huge problems that could be solved with this new technology.

This new edition includes new sections on energy problems related to increasing population and greenhouse effects, in the first chapter, and an expanded overview of energy storage types. Chapter two has been significantly expanded to provide further discussions of the fundamentals of energy and new sections on elastic, electrical, chemical, and thermal energy. A new chapter has been added on electrolytes and membranes with emphasis on batteries, supercapacitors and fuel cells. Six new sections have also been added on the future of energy storage including flexible and stretchable devices in the final chapter.

This is a potentially revolutionary book insofar as technical books can be "revolutionary." The technologies that are described have their roots in basic chemistry that engineers have been practicing for years, but this is all new material that could revolutionize the energy industry. Whether the power is generated from oil, natural gas, coal, solar, wind, or any of the other emerging sources, energy storage is something that the industry must learn and practice. With the world energy demand increasing, mostly due to the industrial growth in China and India, and with the West becoming increasingly more interested in fuel efficiency and "green" endeavors, energy storage is potentially a key technology in our energy future.

This revision of a critically acclaimed scientific classic adds:

• New sections on energy problems due to the increasing population and greenhouse effects
• An expanded overview of energy storage types
• Expanded discussion of the fundamentals of energy
• New sections on elastic, electrical, chemical, and thermal energy
• New chapter on electrolytes and membranes
• A new section on the future of energy storage

Preface to Second Edition xi

Acknowledgements to First Edition xv

Acknowledgements to Second Edition xvi

1 Introduction 1

1.1 The Energy Problem 1

1.1.1 Increasing Population and Energy Consumption 2

1.1.2 The Greenhouse Effect 3

1.1.3 Energy Portability 4

1.2 The Purposes of Energy Storage 5

1.3 Types of Energy Storage 6

1.4 Sources of Energy 10

1.5 Overview of this Book 12

2 Fundamentals of Energy 15

2.1 Classical Mechanics and Mechanical Energy 15

2.1.1 The Concept of Energy 15

2.1.2 Kinetic Energy 19

2.1.3 Gravitational Potential Energy 26

2.1.4 Elastic Potential Energy 27

2.2 Electrical Energy 28

2.3 Chemical Energy 31

2.3.1 Nucleosynthesis and the Origin of Elements 31

2.3.2 Breaking and Forming the Chemical Bonds 35

2.3.3 Chemical vs. Electrochemical Reactions 36

2.3.4 Hydrogen 37

2.4 Thermal Energy 39

2.4.1 Temperature 39

2.4.2 Thermal Energy Storage Types 40

2.4.3 Phase Change Materials 42

3 Conversion and Storage 43

3.1 Availability of Solar Energy 46

3.2 Conversion Processes 48

3.2.1 Photovoltaic Conversion Process 49

3.2.2 Thermoelectric Effects: Seebeck and Peltier 49

3.2.3 Multiple P-N Cell Structure Shown with Heat 50

3.2.4 Early Examples of Thermoelectric Generators 50

3.2.5 Thermionic Converter 51

3.2.6 Thermogalvanic Conversion 51

3.3 Storage Pro…