The tools engineers need for effective thermal stress design

Thermal stress concerns arise in many engineering situations,
from aerospace structures to nuclear fuel rods to concrete highway
slabs on a hot summer day. Having the tools to understand and
alleviate these potential stresses is key for engineers in
effectively executing a wide range of modern design tasks.

Design for Thermal Stresses provides an accessible and balanced
resource geared towards real-world applications. Presenting both
the analysis and synthesis needed for accurate design, the book
emphasizes key principles, techniques, and approaches for solving
thermal stress problems. Moving from basic to advanced topics,
chapters cover:

* Bars, beams, and trusses from a "strength of materials"
perspective

* Plates, shells, and thick-walled vessels from a "theory of
elasticity" perspective

* Thermal buckling in columns, beams, plates, and shells

Written for students and working engineers, this book features
numerous sample problems demonstrating concepts at work. In
addition, appendices include important SI units, relevant material
properties, and mathematical functions such as Bessel and Kelvin
functions, as well as characteristics of matrices and determinants
required for designing plates and shells. Suitable as either a
working reference or an upper-level academic text, Design for
Thermal Stresses gives students and professional engineers the
information they need to meet today's thermal stress design
challenges.

Randall F. Barron is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical
Engineering at Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana. He
received his BS in mechanical engineering from Louisiana Tech
University, and his MS and PhD in mechanical engineering from The
Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. He is the author of three
college-level textbooks: Cryogenic Systems, Cryogenic Heat
Transfer, and Industrial Noise Control and Acoustics.

Brian R. Barron is a lecturer in mathematics and statistics at
Louisiana Tech University in Ruston, Louisiana. He received his BS
degree in mathematics education from Louisiana Tech University, his
MDiv from St. Paul School of Theology in Kansas City, Missouri, and
his MS in mathematics and PhD in computational analysis and
modeling from Louisiana Tech University.

The tools engineers need for effective thermal stress design

Thermal stress concerns arise in many engineering situations, from aerospace structures to nuclear fuel rods to concrete highway slabs on a hot summer day. Having the tools to understand and alleviate these potential stresses is key for engineers in effectively executing a wide range of modern design tasks.

Design for Thermal Stresses provides an accessible and balanced resource geared towards real-world applications. Presenting both the analysis and synthesis needed for accurate design, the book emphasizes key principles, techniques, and approaches for solving thermal stress problems. Moving from basic to advanced topics, chapters cover:

• Bars, beams, and trusses from a "strength of materials" perspective

• Plates, shells, and thick-walled vessels from a "theory of elasticity" perspective

• Thermal buckling in columns, beams, plates, and shells

Written for students and working engineers, this book features numerous sample problems demonstrating concepts at work. In addition, appendices include important SI units, relevant material properties, and mathematical functions such as Bessel and Kelvin functions, as well as characteristics of matrices and determinants required for designing plates and shells. Suitable as either a working reference or an upper-level academic text, Design for Thermal Stresses gives students and professional engineers the information they need to meet today's thermal stress design challenges.

Nomenclature xiii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Definition of Thermal Stress 1

1.2 ThermalMechanical Design 3

1.3 Factor of Safety in Design 4

1.4 Thermal Expansion Coefficient 7

1.5 Young's Modulus 11

1.6 Poisson's Ratio 13

1.7 Other Elastic Moduli 14

1.8 Thermal Diffusivity 16

1.9 Thermal Shock Parameters 17

1.10 Historical Note 19

Problems 23

References 25

2 Thermal Stresses in Bars 26

2.1 Stress and Strain 26

2.2 Bar between Two Supports 27

2.3 Bars in Parallel 32

2.4 Bars with Partial Removal of Constraints 35

2.5 Nonuniform Temperature Distribution 43

2.6 Historical Note 52

Problems 53

References 58

3 Thermal Bending 59

3.1 Limits on the Analysis 59

3.2 Stress Relationships 60

3.3 Displacement Relations 64

3.4 General Thermal Bending Relations 65

3.5 Shear Stresses 67

3.6 Beam Bending Examples 69

3.7 Thermal Bowing of Pipes 97

3.8 Historical Note 108

Problems 110

References 117

4 Thermal Stresses in Trusses and Frames 118

4.1 Elastic Energy Method 118

4.2 Unit-Load Method 123

4.3 Trusses with External Constraints 129

4.4 Trusses with Internal Constraints 132

4.5 The Finite Element Method 142

4.6 Elastic Energy in Bending 153

4.7 Pipe Thermal Expansion Loops 158

4.8 Pipe Bends 172

4.9 Elastic Energy in Torsion 178

4.10 Historical Note 185

Problems 186

References 195

5 Basic Equations of Thermoelasticity 197

5.1 Introduction 197

5.2 Strain Relationships 198

5.3 Stress Relationships 203

5.4 StressStrain Relations 206

5.5 Temperature Field Equation 208

5.6 Reduction of the Governing Equations 212

5.7 Historical Note 215

Problems 217

References 220

6 Plane Stress 221

6.1 Introduction 221

6.2 Stress Resultants 222

6.3 Circular Plate with a Hot Spot 224

6.4 Two-Dimensional Problems 239

6.5 Plate with a Circular Hole 247

6.6 Historical Note 256

Problems 257

References 262

7 Bending Thermal Stresses in Plates 264

7.1 Introduction 264

7.2 Governing Relations for Bending of Rectangular Plates 265

7.3 Boundary Conditions for Plate Bending 273

7.4 Bending of Simply-Supported Rectangular Plates 277

7.5 Rectangular Plates with Two-Dimensional Temperature Distributions 283

7.6 Axisymmetric Bending of Circular Plates 287

7.7 Axisymmetric Thermal Bending Examples 292

7.8 Circular Plates with a Two-Dimensional Temperature Distribution 305

7.9 Historical Note 310

Problems 312

References 315

8 Thermal Stresses in Shells 317

8.1 Introduction 317

8.2 Cylindrical Shells with Axisymmetric Loading 319

8.3 Cooldown of Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Vessels 329

8.4 Cylindrical Vessels with Axial Temperature Variation 336

8.5 Short Cylinders 344

8.6 Axisymmetric Loading of Spherical Shells 350

8.7 Approximate Analysis of Spherical Shells under Axisymmetric Loading 357

8.8 Historical Note 371

Problems 373

References 377

9 Thick-Walled Cylinders and Spheres 378

9.1 Introduction 378

9.2 Governing Equations for Plane Strain 379

9.3 Hollow Cylinder with Steady-State Heat Transfer 384

9.4 Solid Cylinder 388

9.5 Thick-Walled Spherical Vessels 397

9.6 Solid Spheres 402