One of the principal objections to or problems with the use of nuclear fuel is that a proven method for safe disposal of spent nuclear fuel has yet to be established. The central focus of most schemes underway to dispose of these high-level radioactive wastes relies on clay-based buffers and barriers to isolate spent fuel canisters in borehole

Raymond N. Yong is Professor Emeritus of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics at McGill University and former Director of the Geotechnical Research Centre of McGill University, Canada.

Roland Pusch is Managing Director of Geodevelopment AB and former Professor at the Technical University of Lule nd University of Lund, Sweden.

Masashi Nakano is Emeritus Professor of Soil Physics and Soil Hydrology at the University of Tokyo and Director of the Institute of Soil Science and Engineering, Japan.