Calculating compassion examines the origins of British relief work in late-nineteenth-century wars on the continent and the fringes of Empire. Commencing with the Franco-Prussian war of 1870-71, it follows distinguished surgeons and 'lady amateurs' as they distributed aid to wounded soldiers and distressed civilians, often in the face of considerable suspicion. Dispensing with the notion of shared 'humanitarian' ideals, it examines the complex, and sometimes controversial, origins of organised relief, and illuminates the emergence of practices and protocols still recognisable in the delivery of overseas aid. This book is intended for students, academics and relief practitioners interested in the historical concerns of first generation relief agencies such as the British Red Cross Society and the Save the Children Fund, and their legacies today.

Rebecca Gill is Lecturer in Modern History at the University of Huddersfield

Introduction: Calculating compassion in war Part I. A new vocation: British relief in war: France, 1870- 71 1. The origins of British relief in war 2. Accounting for compassion: British relief in the Franco-Prussian war, 1870-71 Part II. Knowledge of suffering and the politics of relief: The Balkans, 1876-78 3. New humanitarian politics: 'victim' nations and the brotherhood of Humanity 4. Neutrality and the politics of aid in insurgency: British relief to the Balkans, 1876-78 Part III: The boundaries of compassion: humanity and relief in British wars, c.1884-1914 5. Scientific humanitarianism and British 'tyranny' in South Africa 6. The rational application of compassion? relief, reconstruction, and disputes over civilian suffering in the Anglo-Boer War, 1899-1902 7. Neutrality, proficiency and the feminisation of aid: from the 'scramble for Africa' to the Great war Conclusion: Humanity and relief in war and peace Bibliography Index