This book about the philosophy of science is the second out of four volumes by Richard Ned Lebow in this book series. It not only provides a useful overview of this broad topic, but also provides deeper insight into specific topics like the philosophy of science causation, epistemology and methods, and especially on counter factual analysis.

Introduction.- What Can We Know? How Do We Know.- Social Science as Case-Based Diagnostics.- If Mozart Had Died at Your Age: Psychologic vs. Statistical Inference.- Texts, Paradigms and Political Change.- Constructing Cause in International Relations.