An introduction to the physical principles underlying Earth remote sensing.
The development of spaceborne remote sensing technology has led to a new understanding of the complexity of our planet by allowing us to observe Earth and its environments on spatial and temporal scales that are unavailable to terrestrial sensors.
Remote Sensing Physics: An Introduction to Observing Earth from Space is a graduate-level text that examines the underlying physical principles and techniques used to make remote measurements, along with the algorithms used to extract geophysical information from those measurements.
Volume highlights include:
* Basis for Earth remote sensing including ocean, land, and atmosphere
* Description of satellite orbits relevant for Earth observations
* Physics of passive sensing, including infrared, optical and microwave imagers
* Physics of active sensing, including radars and lidars
* Overview of current and future Earth observation missions
* Compendium of resources including an extensive bibliography
* Sample problem sets and answers available to instructors
The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Autorentext
Rick Chapman, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USA
Richard Gasparovic, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (Ret.), US
Klappentext
Remote Sensing Physics
ADVANCED TEXTBOOK SERIES
Remote Sensing Physics
An Introduction to Observing Earth from Space
The development of spaceborne remote sensing technology has led to a new understanding of the complexity of our planet by allowing us to observe Earth and its environments on spatial and temporal scales that are unavailable to terrestrial sensors.
Remote Sensing Physics: An Introduction to Observing Earth from Space is a graduate-level text that examines the underlying physical principles and techniques used to make remote measurements, along with the algorithms used to extract geophysical information from those measurements.
Volume highlights include:
* Basis for Earth remote sensing including ocean, land, and atmosphere
* Description of satellite orbits relevant for Earth observations
* Physics of passive sensing, including infrared, optical and microwave imagers
* Physics of active sensing, including radars and lidars
* Overview of current and future Earth observation missions
* Compendium of resources including an extensive bibliography
* Sample problem sets and answers available to instructors
The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Zusammenfassung
Remote Sensing Physics
ADVANCED TEXTBOOK SERIES
Remote Sensing Physics
An Introduction to Observing Earth from Space
The development of spaceborne remote sensing technology has led to a new understanding of the complexity of our planet by allowing us to observe Earth and its environments on spatial and temporal scales that are unavailable to terrestrial sensors.
Remote Sensing Physics: An Introduction to Observing Earth from Space is a graduate-level text that examines the underlying physical principles and techniques used to make remote measurements, along with the algorithms used to extract geophysical information from those measurements.
Volume highlights include:
- Basis for Earth remote sensing including ocean, land, and atmosphere
- Description of satellite orbits relevant for Earth observations
- Physics of passive sensing, including infrared, optical and microwave imagers
- Physics of active sensing, including radars and lidars
- Overview of current and future Earth observation missions
- Compendium of resources including an extensive bibliography
- Sample problem sets and answers available to instructors
The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Inhalt
Acronyms xiii
Preface xix
About the Companion Website xxi
1 Introduction to Remote Sensing 1
1.1 How Remote SensingWorks 4
References 9
2 Satellite Orbits 11
2.1 Computation of Elliptical Orbits 15
2.2 Low Earth Orbits 16
2.3 Geosynchronous Orbits 23
2.4 Molniya Orbit 27
2.5 Satellite Orbit Prediction 29
2.6 Satellite Orbital Trade-offs 29
References 31
3 Infrared Sensing 33
3.1 Introduction 33
3.2 Radiometry 33
3.3 Radiometric Sensor Response 37
3.3.1 Derivation 37
3.3.2 Example Sensor Response Calculations 40
3.3.3 Response of a Sensor with a Partially-Filled FOV 41
3.4 Blackbody Radiation 41
3.4.1 Planck's Radiation Law 41
3.4.2 Microwave Blackbody 43
3.4.3 Low-Frequency and High-Frequency Limits 44
3.4.4 StefanBoltzmann Law 44
3.4.5 Wein's Displacement Law 44
3.4.6 Emissivity 45
3.4.7 Equivalent Blackbody Temperature 45
3.5 IR Sea Surface Temperature 45
3.5.1 Contributors to Infrared Measurements 45
3.5.2 Correction of Low-Altitude Infrared Measurements 47
3.5.3 Correction of High-Altitude Infrared Measurements 49
3.6 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer 50
3.7 Propagation in Seawater 55
3.8 Smooth Surface Reflectance 58
3.9 Rough Surface Reflectance 61
3.10 Ocean Thermal Boundary Layer 63
3.11 Operational SST Measurements 66
3.11.1 AVHRR Instrument 67
3.11.2 AVHRR Processing 69
3.11.3 AVHRR SST Algorithms 70
3.11.4 Example AVHRR Images 71
3.11.5 VIIRS Instrument 72
3.11.6 SST Accuracy 76
3.11.7 Applications 77
3.12 Land Temperature Theory 78
3.13 Operational Land Temperature 81
3.14 Terrestrial Evapotranspiration 86
3.15 Geologic Remote Sensing 88
3.15.1 Linear Mixture Theory and Spectral Unmixing 90
3.16 Atmospheric Sounding 92
References 96
4 Optical Sensing Ocean Color 101
4.1 Introduction to Ocean Color 101
4.2 Fresnel Reflection 105
4.3 Skylight 108
4.4 Water-Leaving Radiance 108
4.5 Water Column Reflectance 111
4.5.1 Pure Seawater 114
4.5.2 Case 1Waters 114
4.5.3 Case 2Waters 115
4.6 Remote Sensing Reflectance 116
4.7 Ocean Color Data Case 1Water 119
4.7.1 Other Uses of Ocean Color 120
4.8 Atmospheric Corrections 121
4.9 Ocean Color Satellite Sensors 125
4.9.1 General History 125
4.9.2 SeaWiFS 132
4.9.3 MODIS 133
4.9.4 VIIRS 136
4.10 Ocean Chlorophyll Fluorescence 139
References 145
5 Optical Sensing Land Surfaces 149
5.1 Introduction 149
5.2 Radiation over a Lambertian Surface 149
5.3 Atmospheric Corrections 153
5.4 Scattering from Vegetation 154
5.5 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index 158
5.6 Vegetation Condition and Temperature Condition Indices 164
5.7 Vegetation Indices from Hyperspectral Data 165
5.8 Landsat Satellites 166
5.9 High-resolution EO sensors 170
5.9.1 Introduction 170
5.9.2 First Generation Systems 170
5.9.3 Second Generation Systems 172
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