The modeling of reactive flows has progressed mainly with advances in aerospace, which gave birth to a new science called aerothermochemistry, as well as through developments in chemical and process engineering. The methods employed, the phenomena investigated, and the aims of modeling differ for each field; however, in all cases, the results obtained have considerably enriched the working knowledge of reactive flows.
This work examines basic concepts and methods necessary to study reactive flows and transfer phenomena in areas such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and chemistry. Specific topics covered include:
* Equations of state
* Transfer phenomena and chemical kinetics
* Balance equations of reactive flows
* Dimensionless numbers and similarity
* Chemical reactors
* Coupled phenomena
* Turbulent flow concepts
* Boundary layers and fluid layers
* Reactive and nonreactive waves
* Interface phenomena
* Multiphase flow concepts
The book presents tools of interest to graduate students, researchers in mathematical physics, and engineers who wish to investigate problems of reactive flows. Portions of the text may be used in courses on the physics of liquids or in seminars on mechanics.
Zusammenfassung
Reactive ?uids are present in many situations of great importance, such as in combustion chambers or around spacecraft re-entering the atmosphere. - alyzing the ?ow properties of such ?uids represents one of the most di?cult challenges to current technology. Indeed, all of the most di?cult aspects of ?uid mechanics appear to be grouped together in this research ?eld! Such ?uids are complex mixtures with compositions that vary rapidly in time and space. They are not usually at thermodynamic equilibrium, since the reaction times of the chemical reactions involved may not be negligible in comparison with the transit time of the ?uid. However, the author of this book limits its scope to typical phenomena that are not very far from local equilibrium but can nevertheless exhibit the most important types of irreversible processes. The production of entropy is highly dependent on the chemical reactionpa- way, which is di?cult to simplify. Also, most of the classical problems that characterize?uid mechanicssuch as turbulence, the presence of thin bou- ary layers or shear layers, and the propagation of acoustic waves and shock wavesare also present, and are much more di?cult to analyze and describe than they are for homogeneous?uids, because reactive mixtures interact with these phenomena. For example, density is highly dependent on the chemical pathway since it is determined by the local and instantaneous production of chemical species, and so its value a?ects many other quantities through the equation of state and the balances of mass, momentum, and energy.
Inhalt
Equations of State.- Transfer Phenomena and Chemical Kinetics.- Balance Equations for Reactive Flows.- Dimensionless Numbers and Similarity.- Chemical Reactors.- Coupled Phenomena.- Turbulent Flow Concepts.- Boundary Layers and Fluid Layers.- Reactive and Nonreactive Waves.- Interface Phenomena.- Multiphase Flow Concepts.