Biological control - utilizing a population of natural
enemies to seasonally or permanently suppress pests - is not
a new concept. The cottony cushion scale, which nearly destroyed
the citrus industry of California, was controlled by an introduced
predatory insect in the 1880s. Accelerated invasions by insects and
spread of weedy non-native plants in the last century have
increased the need for the use of biological control. Use of
carefully chosen natural enemies has become a major tool for the
protection of natural ecosystems, biodiversity and agricultural and
urban environments.
This book offers a multifaceted yet integrated discussion on two
major applications of biological control: permanent control of
invasive insects and plants at the landscape level and temporary
suppression of both native and exotic pests in farms, tree
plantations, and greenhouses. Written by leading international
experts in the field, the text discusses control of invasive
species and the role of natural enemies in pest management.
This book is essential reading for courses on Invasive Species,
Pest Management, and Crop Protection. It is an invaluable reference
book for biocontrol professionals, restorationists,
agriculturalists, and wildlife biologists.
Further information and resources can be found on the
Editor's own website at:
www.invasiveforestinsectandweedbiocontrol.info/index.htm
Autorentext
Roy Van Driesche, University of Massachusetts, is an expert
in biological control in the Entomology Division of the University
of Massachusetts at Amherst. An earlier book on this topic by Van
Driesche was published in 1996 as well as one on the invasive
species problem. He is currently working to resolve the threat to
eastern hemlock (a native forest tree) posed by an invasive
Japanese adelgid.
Mark Hoddle, University of California, Riverside, has
written numerous articles and edited conference proceedings on
biocontrol. He has recently successfully controlled the glassy wing
sharpshooter in French Polynesia with introduced egg
parasitoids.
Ted Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture
Research Service, is a world leader in biological control of
invasive plants, in particular against the world's worst
water weed, waterhyacinth, and against melaleuca, an invasive
Australian tree threatening the survival of the Florida Everglades,
a World Heritage site.
Zusammenfassung
Biological control utilizing a population of natural enemies to seasonally or permanently suppress pests is not a new concept. The cottony cushion scale, which nearly destroyed the citrus industry of California, was controlled by an introduced predatory insect in the 1880s. Accelerated invasions by insects and spread of weedy non-native plants in the last century have increased the need for the use of biological control. Use of carefully chosen natural enemies has become a major tool for the protection of natural ecosystems, biodiversity and agricultural and urban environments.
This book offers a multifaceted yet integrated discussion on two major applications of biological control: permanent control of invasive insects and plants at the landscape level and temporary suppression of both native and exotic pests in farms, tree plantations, and greenhouses. Written by leading international experts in the field, the text discusses control of invasive species and the role of natural enemies in pest management.
This book is essential reading for courses on Invasive Species, Pest Management, and Crop Protection. It is an invaluable reference book for biocontrol professionals, restorationists, agriculturalists, and wildlife biologists.
Further information and resources can be found on the Editor's own website at: www.invasiveforestinsectandweedbiocontrol.info/index.htm
Inhalt
Preface.
Part I: Scope of biological control.
1. Introduction.
2. Types of biological control, targets, and agents.
What is biological control?.
Permanent control over large areas.
Temporary pest suppression in production areas.
Kinds of targets and kinds of agents.
Part II: Kinds of natural enemies.
3. Parasitoid diversity and ecology.
What is a parasitoid?.
Terms and processes.
Some references to parasitoid families.
Groups of parasitoids.
Finding hosts.
Host recognition and assessment.
Defeating host defenses.
Regulating host physiology.
Patch-time allocation.
4. Predator diversity and ecology.
Non-insect predators.
Major groups of predatory insects.
Overview of predator biology.
Predator foraging behavior.
Predators and pest control.
Effects of alternative foods on predator impact.
Interference of generalist predators with classical biological control agents.
Predator and prey defense strategies.
5. Weed biocontrol agent diversity and ecology.
The goal of weed biological control.
Terms and processes.
Herbivory and host finding.
Herbivore guilds.
Groups of herbivores and plant pathogens.
6. Arthropod pathogen diversity and ecology.
Bacterial pathogens of arthropods.
Viral pathogens of arthropods.
Fungal pathogens of arthropods.
Nematodes attacking arthropods.
Generalized arthropod pathogen life cycle.
Epidemiology: what leads to disease outbreaks?.
Part III: Invasions: why biological control is needed:.
7. The invasion crisis.
Urgency of the invasion crisis.
Case histories of four high-impact invaders.
The extent of harmful impact by invaders.
How do invasive species get to new places?.
Why do some invasions succeed but others fail?.
Invader ecology and impact.
8. Ways to suppress invasive species.
Prevention: heading off new invasions through sound policy.
Eradication based on early detection.
Invaders that do no harm.
Control of invasive pests in natural areas.
Factors affecting control in natural areas.
Control of invasive species in crops.
Part IV: Natural enemy introductions: theory and practice.
9. Interaction webs as the conceptual framework for classical biological control.
Terminology.
Forces setting plant population density.
Forces setting insect population density.
Predictions about pests based on food webs.
10. The role of population ecology and population models in biological control: Joseph Elkinton (University of Massachusetts).
Basic concepts.
Population models.
11. Classical biological control.
Introduction.
Classical biological control.
New-association biological control.
Summary.
12. Weed biological control.
Differences and similarities between weed and arthropod programs.
Why plants become invasive.
Selecting suitable targets for weed biological control.
Conflicts of interest in weed biological control.
Faunal inventories: finding potential weed biological control agents.
Safety: will those bugs eat my roses?
Pre-release determination of efficacy.
How many agents are necessary for weed control?
Release, establishment, and dispersal.
Evaluation of impacts.
Non-target impacts.
When is a project successful?
Conclusions.
Part V: Tools for ...