Moore's law [Noy77], which predicted that the number of devices in­ tegrated on a chip would be doubled every two years, was accurate for a number of years. Only recently has the level of integration be­ gun to slow down somewhat due to the physical limits of integration technology. Advances in silicon technology have allowed Ie design­ ers to integrate more than a few million transistors on a chip; even a whole system of moderate complexity can now be implemented on a single chip. To keep pace with the increasing complexity in very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits, the productivity of chip designers would have to increase at the same rate as the level of integration. Without such an increase in productivity, the design of complex systems might not be achievable within a reasonable time-frame. The rapidly increasing complexity of VLSI circuits has made de- 1 2 INTRODUCTION sign automation an absolute necessity, since the required increase in productivity can only be accomplished with the use of sophisticated design tools. Such tools also enable designers to perform trade-off analyses of different logic implementations and to make well-informed design decisions.

List of Figures. 1. Introduction. 2. Delay Estimation. 3. Transistor Sizing Algorithms: Existing Approaches. 4. A Convex Programming Approach to Transistor Sizing. 5. Global Routing Using Zero-One Integer Linear Programming. 6. Timing-Driven CMOS Layout Synthesis. Bibliography. Index.