This book arose from a symposium titled 'Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides: Preparation, Properties, and Reactivity' organized by Jae Sung Lee, Masatoshi Nagai and myself. The symposium was part of the 1995 Congress of Pacific Rim Chemical Societies, held in Honolulu, Hawaii between December 17-22, 1995. The meeting was the first major conference to exclusively address the theme of metal carbides and nitrides, and brought together many of the major researchers in the field. Over 50 scientists and engineers reported their latest findings in five sessions of presentations and discussions. The book closely follows the topics covered in the conference: Theory of bonding Structure and composition Catalytic properties Physical properties New methods of preparation Spectroscopy and microscopy The book is unique in its coverage. It provides a general introduction to the properties and nature of the materials, but also covers their latest applications in a wide variety of fields. It should thus be of interest to both experts and nonexperts in the fields of material science, solid-state chemistry, physics, ceramics engineering, and catalysis. The first chapter gives an overview, and many of the chapters provide summaries of advanced topics. All contributions were peer-reviewed.

1 Introduction to the chemistry of transition metal carbides and nitrides.- Abstract.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Crystalline structure and composition.- 1.3 Bonding and electronic properties.- 1.4 Physical properties.- 1.5 Electric and magnetic properties.- 1.6 Preparation.- 1.6.1 Low surface area materials.- 1.6.2 Powders, particles and supported forms.- 1.6.3 Films and coatings.- 1.7 Applications.- 1.8 Catalysis and surface studies.- References.- Physical Properties.- 2 Application of transition metal carbides and nitrides industrial tools.- Abstract.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Cemented carbides and nitrides.- 2.2.1 Manufacture.- 2.3 Cemented carbides for machining applications.- 2.3.1 Tools and toolholding.- 2.3.2 Tool wear mechanisms.- 2.3.3 Compositions and properties.- 2.3.4 Coated carbides.- 2.3.5 Tailored substrates.- 2.4 Cemented carbide tools for non-machining applications.- 2.4.1 Compositions and microstructures.- 2.4.2 Metalforming applications.- 2.4.3 Structural components.- 2.4.4 Fluid-handling components.- 2.4.5 Transportation and construction applications.- 2.4.6 Mining and drilling for oil and gas.- 2.4.7 Diamond cutting tools.- 2.5 Concluding remarks.- Acknowledgment References.- General references.- 3 Review of diffusion and vaporization of Group 4 and 5 transition metal carbides.- Abstract.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Modeling the vaporization behavior of non-stoichiometric carbides.- 3.3 Modeling the chemical diffusion of non-stoichiometric carbides.- 3.4 Derivation of diffusion-coupled vaporization equations.- 3.5 Derivations of a diffusion-coupled varporization equation for protective coatings.- 3.6 Application of the vaporization models.- 3.7 Application of the vaporization model to MC coatings on graphite.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 4 Chemical diffusion in transition metal-carbon and transition metal-nitrogen systems.- Abstract.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Experimental.- 4.2.1 Preparation techniques.- 4.2.2 X-ray diffraction.- 4.2.3 Metallography.- 4.2.4 Electron-probe microanalysis.- 4.3 Results and discussion.- 4.3.1 Phase equilibria.- 4.3.2 Carbon and nitrogen diffusivities.- 4.4 Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- Reference.- Theory.- 5 The origins of the similarities between late transition metals and early transition metal monocarbides.- Abstract.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Bonding of the B1 monocarbides.- 5.3 Bonding of fcc metals.- 5.4 Band structures of the monocarbides.- 5.5 Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 6 Fermi surface of hexagonal tungsten carbide.- Abstract.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Experimental.- 6.3 Results and discussion.- 6.3.1 Low-temperature magnetoresistance.- 6.3.2 de Haas-van Alphen data.- 6.3.3 Experimental Fermi surfaces.- 6.4 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 7 Orbital symmetry and superconductivity in carbides and borocarbides.- Abstract.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 Summary of computational approaches.- 7.1.2 Boron vs. carbon.- 7.1.3 Molecular orbital analysis of diatomic and triatomic fragment.- 7.2 Superconductivity and the isolobal analogy.- 7.2.1 Electronic structure of dicarbides.- 7.2.2 Electronic structure of borocarbides.- 7.2.3 The isolobal analogy.- 7.2.4 Transition temperatures.- Acknowledgments.- References.- New Materials.- 8 Recent developments in ternary nitride chemistry.- Abstract.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Synthesis of ternary and quaternary nitrides.- 8.3 Lithium-containing ternary and quaternary nitrides.- 8.4 Other alkali metal-containing ternary nitrides.- 8.5 Alkaline earth-containing ternary nitrides.- 8.6 Transition metal ternary nitrides.- 8.7 Properties.- 8.8 Conclusions.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 9 Transition metal-based double nitrides.- Abstract.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 High-pressure synthesis of (Nb1?xMx)N(M = Al, Ga, In) solid solution.- 9.3 New ternary nitrides between alkaline earth and 3d-transition metals.- 9.3.1 The new compound SrNiN and the (Ca1?xSrx)NiN (0 ? X ? 0.5) solid solution with [Ni-N]2? infinite chain.- 9.3.2 The new compound Ca3CoN3 with a trigonal planar [CON3]6? anion.- 9.4 Rf-sputter deposition of metastable metal nitrides and their solid solutions.- 9.5 Conclusion.- References.- 10 Magnetic properties of rare earth-iron compounds containing carbon and/or nitrogen.- Abstract.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Crystallography and magnetism.- 10.3 Experimental.- 10.3.1 Materials.- 10.3.2 Plasma reactions.- 10.3.3 Ball-milling.- 10.3.4 High-pressure sintering.- 10.3.5 Zinc metal addition.- 10.3.6 Characterization.- 10.4 Results and discussion.- 10.4.1 Addition effect of Co and C on Sm2Fe17.- 10.4.2 Plasma nitriding and carbonitriding.- 10.4.3 Grinding of Sm2Fe17Xy.- 10.4.4 High-pressure sintering of Sm2Fe17Xy.- 10.5 Conclusions.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Synthesis.- 11 The synthesis of titanium nitride and titanium carbonitride by self-propagating combustion.- Abstract.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Experimental.- 11.3 Results.- 11.4 Discussion.- 11.5 Conclusion.- References.- 12 Combustion synthesis of transition metal nitrides.- Abstract.- 12.1 Combustion synthesis of transition metal nitrides: an overview.- 12.2 Experimental.- 12.2.1 Reactor assembly.- 12.2.2 Chemicals, experimental procedure and characterization.- 12.3 Combustion of transition metals in nitrogen: experimental observations.- 12.3.1 Melting and the effect of solid phase dilution on conversion.- 12.3.2 Effect of nitrogen pressure on combustion characteristics.- 12.3.3 Effect of metal particle size and morphology.- 12.4 Summary.- References.- 13 New route to molybdenum nitrides and oxynitrides: preparation and characterization of new phases.- Abstract.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Cubic ?-Mo2N type oxynitride phase.- 13.2.1 Synthesis conditions.- 13.2.2 Chemical analysis.- 13.2.3 X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis.- 13.2.4 Powder aging and regeneration.- 13.2.5 Long time nitriding.- 13.2.6 Orthorhombic distortion of the cubic phase.- 13.3 New ?-Mo2C type molybdenum nitride modification.- 13.3.1 Introduction.- 13.3.2 Experimental.- 13.3.3 Results and discussion.- 13.4 Hexagonal ?-MoN type nitride phases.- 13.4.1 Introduction.- 13.4.2 A new method of preparing nitrides by using sulphides.- 13.4.3 Results and discussion.- 13.4.4 High surf ace area MoS2 precursor.- 13.5 Conclusion.- References.- 14 Synthesis of thin films of Cr, Mo and W carbides and nitrides.- Abstract.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Experimental.- 14.3 Results and discussion.- 14.3.1 Phase formation.- 14.3.2 Purity of the films.- 14.3.3 Orientation of the films.- 14.3.4 Ordered phases.- 14.4 Conclusion.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 15 Single-source precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of titanium and …