The development of the use of polymeric materials in the form of geosynthetics has brought about major changes in the civil engineering industry. Geosynthetics are available in a wide range of compositions appropriate to different applications and environments. Over the past three to four decades, civil engineers have grown increasingly interested

Sanjay Kumar Shukla is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering and the Founding Program Leader of the Discipline of Civil Engineering at the School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia. He has over twenty years' teaching, research and consultancy experience in the field of Geotechnical and Geosynthetic Engineering. He has authored more than 115 research papers and technical articles including over 70 refereed journal publications. He is also an author/editor of 5 popular books and 12 book chapters. He is a fellow of the Engineers Australia, a life fellow of the Institution of Engineers (India) and the Indian Geotechnical Society, a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and the International Geosynthetics Society, and a life member of the Indian Roads Congress, the Indian Society for Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling Technology, the Indian Society for Technical Education, and the Coal Ash Institute of India. He was Founding Honorary Secretary of the Indian Geotechnical Society, Varanasi Chapter, from 2005 to 2007, and its Chairman from 2007 to 2009.

1. Basic description, functions and selection of geosynthetics 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Types of geosynthetics 1.3 Basic characteristics of geosynthetics 1.4 Raw materials for geosynthetics 1.5 Manufacturing processes for geosynthetics 1.6 Functions of geosynthetics 1.6.1 Reinforcement 1.6.2 Separation 1.6.3 Filtration 1.6.4 Drainage 1.6.5 Fluid barrier 1.6.6 Protection 1.6.7 Other functions 1.7 Selection 1.8 Historical developments of geosynthetic engineering Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 2. Geosynthetics - properties, applications and design concepts 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Physical properties 2.2.1 Specific gravity 2.2.2 Unit mass 2.2.3 Thickness 2.2.4 Stiffness 2.3 Mechanical properties 2.3.1 Compressibility 2.3.2 Tensile properties 2.3.3 Survivability properties 2.3.4 Soil-geosynthetic interface properties 2.4 Hydraulic properties 2.4.1 Geosynthetic pore (or opening) characteristics 2.4.2 Percentage open area 2.4.3 Permeability 2.5 Endurance and degradation properties 2.5.1 Creep 2.5.2 Abrasion 2.5.3 Long-term flow characteristics 2.5.4 Durability 2.6 Test and allowable properties 2.7 Description of geosynthetics 2.8 Application of geosynthetics 2.9 Design concepts Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 3. Geotechnical applications of geosynthetics 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Retaining walls 3.2.1 Basic description 3.2.2 Analysis and design concepts 3.2.3 Application guidelines 3.2.4 Case studies 3.3 Embankments 3.3.1 Basic description 3.3.2 Analysis and design concepts 3.3.3 Application guidelines 3.3.4 Case studies 3.4 Shallow foundations 3.4.1 Basic description 3.4.2 Analysis and design concepts 3.4.3 Application guidelines 3.4.4 Case studies 3.5 Slopes - stabilization 3.5.1 Basic description 3.5.2 Analysis and design concepts 3.5.3 Application guidelines 3.5.4 Case studies Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 4. Hydraulic and geoenvironmental applications of geosynthetics 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Filters and drains 4.2.1 Basic description 4.2.2 Analysis and design concepts 4.2.3 Application guidelines 4.3 Slopes - erosion control 4.3.1 Basic description 4.3.2 Analysis and design concepts 4.3.3 Application guidelines 4.3.4 Case studies 4.4 Containment facilities 4.4.1 Basic description 4.4.1.1 Landfills 4.4.1.2 Ponds, reservoirs and canals 4.4.1.3 Earth dams 4.4.2 Analysis and design concepts 4.4.2.1 Landfills 4.4.2.2 Ponds, reservoirs and canals 4.4.2.3 Earth dams 4.4.3 Application guidelines 4.4.4 Case studies 4.5 Tunnels 4.5.1 Basic description 4.5.2 Analysis and design concepts 4.5.3 Application guidelines 4.5.4 Case studies Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 5. Transportation applications of geosynthetics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Unpaved roads 5.2.1 Basic description 5.2.2 Analysis and design concepts 5.2.2.1 Reinforcement function design method (RFDM) 5.2.2.2 Separation function design method (SFDM) 5.2.2.3 Modified California bearing ratio (CBR) design method 5.2.3 Application guidelines 5.2.4 Case studies 5.3 Paved roads 5.3.1 Basic description 5.3.2 Analysis and design concepts 5.3.3 Application guidelines 5.3.4 Case studies 5.4 Airfield pavements and parking lots 5.5 Railway tracks 5.5.1 Basic description 5.5.2 Analysis and design concepts 5.5.3 Application guidelines 5.5.4 Case studies Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 6. Mining, agricultural and aquacultural applications of geosynthetics 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Mining applications 6.2.1 Areas of applications and types of geosynthetics 6.2.2 Basic concepts of design, construction and application guidelines 6.3 Agricultural and aquacultural applications 6.4 Geosynthetic deflection profiles and strain analysis Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 7. Geosynthetic applications - general guidelines and installation survivability requirements 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Care and consideration 7.3 Geosynthetic selection 7.4 Identification and inspection 7.5 Sampling and test methods 7.6 Protection before installation 7.7 Site preparation 7.8 Geosynthetic installation 7.9 Joints/seams 7.10 Cutting of geosynthetics 7.11 Protection during construction and service life 7.12 Damage assessment and correction 7.13 Anchorage 7.14 Prestressing 7.15 Maintenance 7.16 Certification 7.17 Handling the refuse of geosynthetics 7.18 Installation survivability requirements Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 8. Quality, performance monitoring and economic evaluation 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Quality and its evaluation 8.3 Field performance monitoring 8.4 Concepts of economic evaluation 8.5 Experiences of cost analysis Chapter summary Questions for practice References Answers to selected questions 9. Fibre-reinforced soils 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Basics of fibre-reinforced soil and phase concepts 9.3 Behaviour of fibre-reinforced soils 9.4 Basic reinforcement models 9.4.1 Waldron model 9.4.2 Gray and Ohashi model 9.4.3 Mahar and Gray model 9.4.4 Shukla, Sivakugan and Singh (SSS) model 9.5 Field application areas and guidelines