Updated to include the timely and important topics of MEMS and rolling friction, Principles of Tribology is a compilation of current developments from tribology research, coupled with tribology fundamentals and applications. Essential topics include lubrication theory, lubrication design, friction mechanism, wear mechanism, friction control, and their applications. Besides classical tribology content, the book also covers intersecting research areas of tribology, as well as the regularities and characteristics of the tribological phenomena in practice. Furthermore, it presents the basic theory, numerical analysis methods and experimental measuring techniques of tribology as well as their application in engineering.

• Newly expanded and updated to include new tribological material on MEMS and green tribology, its key concepts and applications
• Systematically brings the reader through fundamental theories, basic mechanisms through to the latest research
• Emphasizes practical tribological phenomena, supported by numerical analysis and experimental measurement techniques
• Discusses nano-tribology, thin film lubrication and its applications, topics which are growing in importance

A comprehensive look at the fundamentals and latest research, this second edition of Principles of Tribology is an essential textbook for graduate and senior undergraduate students specializing in tribology and related mechanical engineering fields.

SHIZHU WEN, Tsinghua University, China

PING HUANG, South China University of Technology, China

About the Authors xxi

Second Edition Preface xxiii

Preface xxv

Introduction xxvii

Part I Lubrication Theory 1

1 Properties of Lubricants 3

1.1 Lubrication States 3

1.2 Density of Lubricant 5

1.3 Viscosity of Lubricant 7

1.4 Non-Newtonian Behaviors 12

1.5 Wettability of Lubricants 16

1.6 Measurement and Conversion of Viscosity 19

References 21

2 Basic Theories of Hydrodynamic Lubrication 22

2.1 Reynolds Equation 22

2.2 Hydrodynamic Lubrication 26

2.3 Elastic Contact Problems 29

2.4 Entrance Analysis of EHL 34

2.5 Grease Lubrication 38

References 40

3 Numerical Methods of Lubrication Calculation 41

3.1 Numerical Methods of Lubrication 42

3.2 Numerical Solution of the Energy Equation 54

3.3 Numerical Solution of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication 60

3.4 Multi-Grid Method for Solving EHL Problems 68

References 76

4 Lubrication Design of Typical Mechanical Elements 78

4.1 Slider and Thrust Bearings 78

4.2 Journal Bearings 81

4.3 Hydrostatic Bearings 88

4.4 Squeeze Bearings 92

4.5 Dynamic Bearings 96

4.6 Gas Lubrication Bearings 102

4.7 Rolling Contact Bearings 106

4.8 Gear Lubrication 108

4.9 Cam Lubrication 114

References 116

5 Special Fluid Medium Lubrication 118

5.1 Magnetic Hydrodynamic Lubrication 118

5.2 Micro-Polar Hydrodynamic Lubrication 124

5.3 Liquid Crystal Lubrication 130

5.4 Electric Double Layer Effect in Water Lubrication 137

References 145

6 Lubrication Transformation and Nanoscale Thin Film Lubrication 147

6.1 Transformations of Lubrication States 147

6.2 Thin Film Lubrication 152

6.3 Analysis of Thin Film Lubrication 158

6.4 Nano-Gas Film Lubrication 161

References 169

7 Boundary Lubrication and Additives 171

7.1 Types of Boundary Lubrication 171

7.2 Theory of Boundary Lubrication 179

7.3 Lubricant Additives 185

References 189

8 Lubrication Failure and Mixed Lubrication 190

8.1 Roughness and Viscoelastic Material Effects on Lubrication 190

8.2 Influence of Limit Shear Stress on Lubrication Failure 195

8.3 Influence of Temperature on Lubrication Failure 200

8.4 Mixed Lubrication 203

References 207

Part II Friction and Wear 209

9 Surface Topography and Contact 211

9.1 Parameters of Surface Topography 211

9.2 Statistical Parameters of Surface Topography 213

9.3 Structures and Properties of Surface 217

9.4 Rough Surface Contact 219

References 223

10 Sliding Friction and its Applications 225

10.1 Basic Characteristics of Friction 225

10.2 Macro-Friction Theory 228

10.3 Micro-Friction Theory 238

10.4 Sliding Friction 243

10.5 Other Friction Problems and Friction Control 246

References 250

11 Rolling Friction and its Applications 252

11.1 Basic Theories of Rolling Friction 252

11.2 Applications of Rolling Tribology in Design of Lunar Rover 271

References 280

12 Characteristics and Mechanisms of Wear 282

12.1 Classification of Wear 282

12.2 Abrasive Wear 285

12.3 Adhesive Wear 290

12.4 Fatigue Wear 298

12.5 Corrosive Wear 307

References 312

13 Macro-Wear Theory 314

13.1 Friction Material 315

13.2 Wear Process Curve 317

13.3 Surface Quality and Wear 320

13.4 Theory of Adhesion Wear 324

13.5 Theory of Energy Wear 325

13.6 Delamination Wear Theory and Fatigue Wear Theory 327

13.7 Wear Calculation 329

References 335

14 Anti-Wear Design and Surface Coating 337

14.1 Selection of Lubricant and Additive 337

14.2 Matching Principles of Friction Materials 343

14.3 Surface Coating 346

14.4 Coating Performance Testing 355

References 362

15 Tribological Experiments 363

15.1 Tribological Experimental Method and Devices 363

15.2 Measurement of Wear Capacity 368

15.3 Analysis of Friction Surface Morphology 373

15.4 Wear State Detection 378

15.5 Wear Failure Analysis 380

References 383

Part III Applied Tribology 385

16 Micro-Tribology 387

16.1 Micro-Friction 387

16.2 Micro-Contact and Micro-Adhesion 393

16.3 Micro-Wear 396

16.4 Molecular Film and Boundary Lubrication 401

References 410

17 Metal Forming Tribology 412

17.1 Mechanics Basis of Metal Forming 412

17.2 Forging Tribology 416

17.3 Drawing Tribology 421

17.4 Rolling Tribology 429

References 435

18 Bio-Tribology 437

18.1 Mechanics Basis for Soft Biological Tissue 437

18.2 Characteristics of Joint Lubricating Fluid 440

18.3 Lubrication of HumanandAnimalJoints 443

18.4 Friction and Wear ofArtificialJoint 447

18.5 Other Bio-Tribological Studies 451

Referencess 452

19 Space Tribology 453

19.1 Features of Space Agency and Space Tribology 453

19.2 Analysis of Performances of Space Tribology 456

19.3 Space Lubricating Properties 462

References 465

20 Tribology of Micro Electromechanical System 466

20.1 Introduction 466

20.2 Tribological Analysis Technique for MEMS 467

20.3 Tribological Study of aMicro Motor 484

20.4 Wear Analysis of MEMS 491

References 507

21 Ecological Tribology 509

21.1 Zero Friction and Superlubrication 509

21.2 Green Lubricant 516

21.3 Friction-Induced Noise and Control 523

21.4 Remanufacturing and Self-Repairing 528

References 532

Index 535