Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in Nanostructures is
an original and timely contribution to a very active area of
physics and materials science research. This book presents the
theoretical and experimental phenomena of Raman spectroscopy, with
specialized discussions on the physical fundamentals, new
developments and main features in low-dimensional systems of Raman
spectroscopy.
In recent years physicists, materials scientists and chemists
have devoted increasing attention to low-dimensional systems and as
Raman spectroscopy can be used to study and analyse such materials
as carbon nanotubes, quantum wells, silicon nanowires, etc., it is
fast becoming one of the most powerful and sensitive experimental
techniques to characterize the qualities of such
nanostructures.
Recent scientific and technological developments have resulted
in the applications of Raman spectroscopy to expand. These
developments are vital in providing information for a very broad
field of applications: for example in microelectronics, biology,
forensics and archaeology. Thus, this book not only introduces
these important new branches of Raman spectroscopy from both a
theoretical and practical view point, but the resulting effects are
fully explored and relevant representative models of Raman spectra
are described in-depth with the inclusion of theoretical
calculations, when appropriate.
Autorentext
Professor Shu-Lin Zhang, Professor of School of Physics, Peking University.
Academic Experience: 1964-date: Joined the Department of Physics of Peking University, in where he has been engaged in fundamental research for 40 years. Since 1980 he has been interested in the research of Raman spectroscopy. 1986: The Visiting Associate Professor in the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. 2003: The Lecturer Scholar of Nobel Laureate C. N. Yang at theChineseUniversity ofHong Kong in 2003.
Professional Activities and Awards: 1995-2001: Director of the Committee on Light Scattering of Chinese Physical Society(CPS); 1995-2003: Councilor of CPS; 2000-: ex officio member the International Steering Committee (ISC) of the International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy (ICORS); 2002-2004: Chair of ISC of (ICORS); 2002-Now: International Advisor of the Committee on Light Scattering of CPS; 2004: Research work "Raman spectral research of several low-dimensional materials" was awarded the second class of the China National Award on Nature Science.
Zusammenfassung
Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in Nanostructures is an original and timely contribution to a very active area of physics and materials science research. This book presents the theoretical and experimental phenomena of Raman spectroscopy, with specialized discussions on the physical fundamentals, new developments and main features in low-dimensional systems of Raman spectroscopy.
In recent years physicists, materials scientists and chemists have devoted increasing attention to low-dimensional systems and as Raman spectroscopy can be used to study and analyse such materials as carbon nanotubes, quantum wells, silicon nanowires, etc., it is fast becoming one of the most powerful and sensitive experimental techniques to characterize the qualities of such nanostructures.
Recent scientific and technological developments have resulted in the applications of Raman spectroscopy to expand. These developments are vital in providing information for a very broad field of applications: for example in microelectronics, biology, forensics and archaeology. Thus, this book not only introduces these important new branches of Raman spectroscopy from both a theoretical and practical view point, but the resulting effects are fully explored and relevant representative models of Raman spectra are described in-depth with the inclusion of theoretical calculations, when appropriate.
Inhalt
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xiii
Part I Fundamentals of Raman Spectroscopy 1
1 Basic Knowledge of Raman Spectroscopy 3
1.1 Spectrum and Spectroscopy 3
1.2 Scattering and Raman Scattering 5
1.3 Fundamental Features of Raman Scattering Spectra 9
1.4 Discovery of the Raman Scattering Effects and Observation of the First Raman Spectrum 10
1.5 Historical Development of Raman Spectroscopy 13
References 16
2 Fundamental Theory of Light Scattering 19
2.1 Description of Scattering 20
2.2 Macroscopic Theory of Light Scattering 26
2.3 Microscopic Theory of Light Scattering 39
References 45
3 Experimental Foundation of Raman Spectroscopy 47
3.1 Generality of Raman Spectral Measurements 47
3.2 Experimental Apparatus 56
3.3 Main Performance Parameters of Raman Spectrometers 79
3.4 Experimental Measurements 83
3.5 Data Processing of Recorded Raman Spectra 88
3.6 A Typical Example of Vibration Raman Spectra Raman Spectrum of CCl4 94
3.7 Interference Spectrometer and Fourier Transform Optics 97
References 104
4 Introduction to Modern Raman Spectroscopy I-New Raman Spectroscopic Branch Classified Based on Spectral Features 105
4.1 Non-visible Excited Raman Spectroscopy 106
4.2 Resonant Raman Spectroscopy (RRS) 106
4.3 High-Order/Multiple-Phonon Raman Spectroscopy (MPRS) 110
4.4 Raman Spectroscopy under Extreme Conditions 114
4.5 Polarized Raman Spectroscopy (PRS) 115
4.6 Time-Resolved (Transient) Raman Spectroscopy (TRRS) 116
4.7 Space-Resolved Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Raman Microscopy 118
4.8 Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) 119
4.9 Near-Field Raman Spectroscopy (NFRS) 121
4.10 Tip-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS) 130
4.11 Non-linear and Coherent Raman Spectroscopy (NLRS) 136
4.12 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) 138
4.13 Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) 145
References 150
5 Introduction to Modern Raman Spectroscopy II-New Raman Spectroscopic Branch Classified Based on Applied Objects 153
5.1 Common Spectroscopic Basis Related to the Study and Application of Raman Spectroscopy 153
5.2 Chemistry Raman Spectroscopy 158
5.3 Condensed Matter Raman Spectroscopy 160
5.4 Biological and Medical Raman Spectroscopy 166
5.5 Geology and Mineralogy Raman Spectroscopy 175
5.6 Art and Archeology Raman Spectroscopy 177
5.7 Industry Raman Spectroscopy 178
5.8 Raman Spectroscopy in National Security and Judicature 181
References 182
Part II Study of Nanostructures by Raman Spectroscopy 185
6 General Knowledge of Nanostructures 187
6.1 Nanostructure, Characteristic Length, and Dimension 187
6.2 Nanomaterials 188
6.3 Properties of Nanostructures 190
6.4 Finite Size and Specific Surface 192
6.5 The Study of Nanostructure 196
References 197
7 Theoretical Fundamentals of Raman Scattering in Solids 199
7.1 General Knowledge of Lattice Dynamics 200
7.2 Microscopic Model of Lattice Dynamics 213
7.3 Macroscopic Model of Lattice Dynamics 222
7.4 Lattice Dynamics of Amorphous Matter 229
7.5 Raman Scattering Theories in Solids 230
References 246
8 Theoretical Fundamentals of Raman Scattering in Nanostructures 249
8.1 Superlattices 250
8.2 Nanostructure Materials 264
8.3 Micro-Crystal Models 283
8.4 Amorphous Feature and PDOS Expression of Nanostructure Raman Spectra 296
8.5 First-Principles/ab initio Calculation of Nanostructure Raman Spectra 298
References 306
9 Routine Raman Spectra of Nanostructures 309
9.1 Chara…