Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology, Fourth Edition
updates the most comprehensive reference available on exotic animal
hematology and cytology of all major species.

* Acts as both an atlas and a text, offering high-quality
photographs and step-by-step descriptions of techniques associated
with preparing and interpreting hematology and cytology
samples

* Presents complete information on hematology and cytology in a
wide range of exotic species, including small mammals, birds,
reptiles, amphibians, and fish

* Includes more than 700 high-quality color photographs, now with
sizing bars

* Takes a new disease-based structure for improved ease of
use

* Provides straightforward step-by-step descriptions of sample
preparation and interpretation

Terry W. Campbell, DVM, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Zoo Medicine at the College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at Colorado State University.

Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology, Fourth Edition updates the most comprehensive reference available on exotic animal hematology and cytology of all major species.

• Acts as both an atlas and a text, offering high-quality photographs and step-by-step descriptions of techniques associated with preparing and interpreting hematology and cytology samples
• Presents complete information on hematology and cytology in a wide range of exotic species, including small mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish
• Includes more than 700 high-quality color photographs, now with sizing bars
• Takes a new disease-based structure for improved ease of use
• Provides straightforward step-by-step descriptions of sample preparation and interpretation

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Scientific Names Used in Text xv

SECTION I EVALUATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD FILMS AND HEMIC CYTOLOGY

1. Peripheral Blood of Mammals 3

Normal Hemic Cells 3

Erythrocytes 3

Leukocytes 4

Platelets 8

Evaluation of Mammalian Erythrocytes 16

Inflammatory Leukogram in Mammals 25

Neutrophilia of Excitement and Stress in Mammals 28

Eosinophilia and Eosinopenia in Mammals 30

Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytosis in Mammals 32

References 33

2. Peripheral Blood of Birds 37

Evaluation of Avian Erythrocytes 37

Anemia in Birds 40

Hypochromasia 44

Avian Erythrocytosis 44

Evaluation of Avian Leukocytes 44

Inflammatory Leukogram in Birds 51

Heterophilia of Excitement and Stress in Birds 54

Leukopenia in Birds 55

Heteropenia 56

Lymphopenia 56

Monocytosis in Birds 56

Eosinophilia and Eosinopenia in Birds 57

Thrombocytopenia 58

Thrombocytosis 58

Normal Variations in the Hemogram of Birds 58

References 60

3. Peripheral Blood of Reptiles 67

Evaluation of Reptilian Erythrocytes and Anemia 67

Inclusion Body Disease 71

Leukocytes and Inflammatory in Reptiles 71

Heterophils 72

Eosinophils 73

Basophils 73

Lymphocytes 73

Monocytes 73

Reference Values 75

Inflammation 77

Considerations in the Interpretation of the Reptilian Hemogram 79

Leukemia 79

Eosinophilia in Reptiles 79

Basophilia in Reptiles 79

Lymphocytosis and Lymphopenia in Reptiles 82

Monocytosis in Reptiles 84

Reptile Thrombocytes 85

References 85

4. Peripheral Blood of Amphibians 89

Evaluation of Amphibian Erythrocytes 89

Evaluation of Amphibian Leukocytes 90

Evaluation of Amphibian Thrombocytes 93

References 94

5. Peripheral Blood of Fish 97

Evaluation of Fish Erythrocytes 97

Evaluation of Fish Leukocytes 101

Leukocytes of Commonly Studied Teleost Fish 108

Evaluation of Fish Thrombocytes and Hemostasis 111

References 112

6. Blood Parasites 115

Avian Blood Parasites 115

Reptile Blood Parasites 122

Amphibian Blood Parasites 125

Fish Blood Parasites 125

References 127

7. Bone Marrow/Hematopoiesis 131

Mammalian Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation 131

Avian Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation 138

Avian Hematopoietic Tissue Other Than Bone Marrow 145

Reptile Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation 145

Amphibian Hematopoiesis and Bone Marrow Evaluation 148

Piscine Hematopoiesis 149

References 151

SECTION II BLOOD SAMPLE AND BONE MARROW COLLECTION

8. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Small Mammals 157

Small Rodents: Mice (Mus musculus) Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) Hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) 157

Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 158

Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) and Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) 160

Sugar Glider (Petaurus breviceps) 160

Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) 161

Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) 161

Other Methods of Blood Collection 162

Blood Sample Preparation 163

References 163

9. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Birds 165

Restraint 165

Blood Collection 165

References 172

10. Blood Sample Collection and Preparation in Reptiles 173

Referen...