This volume addresses this gap. It documents an international symposium on the dialogue between Messianic Judaism and Christian theology, which took place in 2022 at the University of Vienna (Austria) under the patronage of Cardinal Christoph Schönborn. The contributions highlight the history and diversity of Messianic Judaism and explore Christological, ecclesiological and eschatological questions: What does the Jewish identity of Jesus mean for Christology? How should the surprising return of Jews who believe in Christ be interpreted? Can the return of many Jews to the land of Israel and the growing number of Messianic Jews be interpreted as signs of the end times?""