Ultracentrifugal Analysis: In Theory and Experiment aims to tackle some outstanding problems in sedimentation analysis. The book presents topics such as the thermodynamics of diffusion and sedimentation; diffusion and sedimentation in multicomponent systems; and the frictional formalism in the flow equations of sedimentation. The text also includes topics such as solutions of the general differential equation for the ultracentrifuge; the interpolation diagram for calculating model Schlieren patterns for reversibly interacting systems; and sedimentation of reversibly aggregating substances. Articles on the effects of charge on the sedimentation, the diffusion and the sedimentation equilibrium of colloidal electrolytes; the basic equilibrium equations; and the sedimentation equilibrium in reacting systems are also considered. The book further tackles articles on the optical systems for sedimentation analysis; computational methods of ultracentrifugation; separation cells; and the magnetic bearing for an ultracentrifuge. Chemists, physicists, and biologists will find the book invaluable.

Participants in the Conference

The Aims of the Conference


Introductory Remarks


Part I Transport Theory


Thermodynamics of Diffusion and Sedimentation


I. Introduction


II. General Theory


III. Applications


References


Diffusion and Sedimentation in Multicomponent Systems


I. Introduction


II. Independently Moving Substances


III. Sedimentation Equilibrium


IV. Sedimentation Coefficients and Diffusion Coefficients


V. General Relation between Sedimentation and Diffusion


VI. Formulas for Two Substances


VII. Formulas for Three Substances


References


Frîctional Formalism in the Flow Equations of Sedimentation


I. Equivalence of the Lamm and Onsager Formulations


II. Flow Equations in Terms of Frictions


III. Component Transformations by Tensor Formalism


References


Solutions of the General Differential Equation for the Ultracentrifuge


I. Introduction


II. Simple Exact and Approximate Solutions


III. General Properties Suggesting Possible Experiments


References


Comments


Problems in the Determination of Molecular Weight Distributions by Sedimentation Transport


I. Introduction


II. Sedimentation in a -Solvent


III. Effects of Pressure on Sedimentation Coefficient


IV. Concentration Effects


V. Concentration Dependence of s in -Solvents


References


Comments


An Interpolation Diagram for Calculating Model Schlieren Patterns for Reversibly Interacting Systems


I. Introduction


II. Glossary


III. Relating Theory to Experiment


IV. Graphical Representation


V. Schlieren Pattern


VI. Example: Sedimentation of Pepsin and Albumin in Mixture


VII. Conclusion


References


Sedimentation of Reversibly Aggregating Substances


I. Introduction


II. Basic Postulates


III. Example


References


Comments


Effects of Charge on the Sedimentation, the Diffusion and the Sedimentation Equilibrium of Colloidal Electrolytes


I. Introduction


II. General Equations


III. Sedimentation Equilibrium, Sedimentation, and Diffusion


IV. The Quantities Derived from Experimental Diagrams


V. A Model of the Solution


VI. Final Equations for the Molecular Weight


VII. The Primary Charge Effect


References


Part II Eqiulibrium Theory


Basic Equilibrium Theory


I. Introduction


II. General Equations


III. Two-Component Systems


IV. Three-Component Systems


V. Polycomponent Systems


Comments


Sedimentation Equilibrium in Reacting Systems


I. Introduction


II. Theory


III. Discussion


References


Comments


The Transient State in Density-Gradient Centrifugation


I. The Continuity Equation for the Problem


II. The Equilibrium Distribution


III. The Transient Distribution


IV. Moments of the Transient Distribution


V. Possible Applications


VI. Effects of Density Heterogeneity


VII. Significance of the Quantity ó2/Æ)


VIII. Comparison with Experiment


References


Measurement of Density Heterogeneity by Sedimentation in Preformed Gradients


I. Introduction


II. The Time Needed for Sedimentation to Equilibrium in a Preformed Density Gradient


III. Duration of a Nonequilibrium Density Gradient


IV. Results and Computations


V. Appendix


References


Comments


Part III Practice


Optical Systems for Sedimentation Analysis


I. Introduction


II. General Comments


III. An Automatic, Direct-Recording, Photoelectric-Scanning Absorption Optical System


References


Computational Methods of Ultracentrifugation


I. Introduction


II. Minimum Apparent s-Rate in Preparative Ultracentrifugation


III. Geometrical Complications


IV. Moment Method of Computation


V. Computational Process


VI. Summary


References


Separation Cells


I. Introduction


II. Separation Cells


III. Characterization of Solutes


IV. Summary


References


Magnetic Bearing for an Ultracentrifuge


I. Introduction


II. Suspension of the Rotor


III. The Characteristic Equation of the System


IV. Details of the System


V. Alignment and Operation


VI. Summary


References


Comments


A Survey of the Uses of the Ultracentrifuge in Biological Research


I. General Considerations


II. Uses of the Ultracentrifuge


III. Conclusions


References


Author Index


Subject Index