First book on rubber used as a construction material dedicated
to the chemical process industry
Despite the long history of rubber as a construction material,
this book is a unique publication as it comprehensively looks at
the material with respect to the anti-corrosion requirements of the
multitude of industries where rubber is used, both on land and
offshore. This guide documents how rubber reliably meets the
threats of corrosion and contributes to the longevity of the
equipment. Chapters on ebonite, natural, and synthetic rubbers,
examine their relevant properties and chemical resistance.
The book details the practical aspects and handling of rubber
lined equipment: thin-walled structures, vacuum vessels, ducts,
large diameter tanks, agitators, and fully lined pipes (both inside
and outside). Molded and fabricated products of ebonite and soft
rubber as well as hand-made rubber products are shown along with
vulcanization technology, testing and inspections, measurements and
standards. Several case studies are included demonstrating the
preferential choice of rubber as a construction material as well as
practical applications and techniques of its usage in the
chlor-alkali, fertilizer, mineral processing and other core
chemical processing industries, which are the largest consumers of
rubber as a material of construction. The volume ends with a
section on aging and prediction of service life.
Rubber as a Construction Material for Corrosion
Protection will be used by chemical engineers, rubber
technologists, students, research workers worldwide in the rubber
industry and process industries such as fertilizer, mining and ore,
oil & gas, paper and pulp, steel plants, as well as people
engaged in corrosion protection. The book will also be very useful
to the construction industry.
Autorentext
V. C. Chandrasekaran earned his B.S. Chemistry at the American College, Mathurai in the fifties and did his LIRI (UK-Indian Section) in the sixties in rubber technology and was one among two gold medalists in India. He has served the rubber industry for more than four decades and has been associated with the chemical and mining process industries for a long time as well. He has presented technical papers on rubber in various national and international seminars, and has published books and journal articles with leading publishers. During his service with the Indian Ministry of Defense he was instrumental for the indigenisation of airborne rubber items for Russian and British aircrafts, helicopters, and other air weaponry. Currently, he is engaged with Can C Consulting India providing consultancy services to the chemical process and rubber industries.
Zusammenfassung
First book on rubber used as a construction material dedicated to the chemical process industry
Despite the long history of rubber as a construction material, this book is a unique publication as it comprehensively looks at the material with respect to the anti-corrosion requirements of the multitude of industries where rubber is used, both on land and offshore. This guide documents how rubber reliably meets the threats of corrosion and contributes to the longevity of the equipment. Chapters on ebonite, natural, and synthetic rubbers, examine their relevant properties and chemical resistance.
The book details the practical aspects and handling of rubber lined equipment: thin-walled structures, vacuum vessels, ducts, large diameter tanks, agitators, and fully lined pipes (both inside and outside). Molded and fabricated products of ebonite and soft rubber as well as hand-made rubber products are shown along with vulcanization technology, testing and inspections, measurements and standards. Several case studies are included demonstrating the preferential choice of rubber as a construction material as well as practical applications and techniques of its usage in the chlor-alkali, fertilizer, mineral processing and other core chemical processing industries, which are the largest consumers of rubber as a material of construction. The volume ends with a section on aging and prediction of service life.
Rubber as a Construction Material for Corrosion Protection will be used by chemical engineers, rubber technologists, students, research workers worldwide in the rubber industry and process industries such as fertilizer, mining and ore, oil & gas, paper and pulp, steel plants, as well as people engaged in corrosion protection. The book will also be very useful to the construction industry.
Inhalt
Acknowledgements.
Preface.
1. Introduction - Background and Reasons for Using Rubber as a Construction Material.
1.1 Background.
1.2 Elastomer.
1.3 Polymer.
1.4 Rubber.
1.5 Rubber Dampens.
1.6 Rubber Seals.
1.7 Rubber Protects Corrosion Effects.
1.8 Rubber Gives Thermal Insulation.
1.9 Rubber Gives Passive Fire Protection.
1.10 Rubber is Ablative.
1.11 Rubber wears.
1.12 Rubber Bonds with Metal.
1.13 Rubber is Impermeable.
References.
2. Rubber Compounding.
2.1 Background.
2.2 Compounding.
2.3 Scope of Compounding.
2.4 Basic Compounding Formulation.
2.5 Property Requirements of Un-vulcanized Rubber.
2.6 Property Requirements of Vulcanized Rubber.
2.7 Basic Changes in Properties.
2.8 Compounding Ingredients.
3. Ebonite-Problems and Solutions.
3.1 Liquid Ebonite.
3.2 Rubber-sulphur Reaction.
3.3 Retarding Accelerators.
3.4 Coefficient of Vulcanization.
3.5 Synthetic Rubbers Which Can Be Converted into Ebonite.
3.6 Technological Aspects of Ebonites.
3.7 Uses of Ebonites.
3.8 Main Properties Exhibited by Ebonites.
3.9 Processing of Ebonite.
3.10 Vulcanization in Relation to Properties.
3.11 Rubber-sulphur Ratio and Cure Time.
3.12 Curing Temperature.
3.13 Method of Cure.
3.14 Shrinkage During Cure.
3.15 Shape Reduction During Cure.
4. Rubber Lining - Types and Application Procedures.
4.1 What is Rubber Lining?
4.2 Types of Corrosion.
4.3 Materials Selection.
4.4 Performance Tests.
4.5 Maintenance Requirements.
4.6 Control of Operating Conditions.
4.7 Corrosive Chemicals.
4.8 Codes of Practice Relating to Corrosion.
4.9 Types of Rubber Lining.
4.10 Application Procedures for Rubber Lining.
4.11 Role of Impurities.
4.12 Working Temperature.
4.13 Lining Thickness.
4.14 Adhesive Coating.
4.15 Application of Calendered Sheet.
4.16 Inspection of Rubber Lining.
4.17 Sheet Dimensions.
4.18 Sheet Laying and Rolling.
4.19 Lining Procedure for Pipes.
4.20 Storage of Rubber Lined Pipes.
4.21 Design and Fabrication of Lining Supports for Handling Lined Equipment.
4.22 Surface Preparation for Rubber Lining.
4.23 Methods of Surface Preparation.
4.24 On Site Rubber Lining.
5. Rubbers and Their Relevant Properties for the Chemical and Mineral Processing Industries.
5.1 Historical Aspects.
5.2 Elastomer Types According to American Society of Testing Materials-ASTM D2000.
5.3 Mullins Effect.
5.4 Payne Effect.
5.5 The Reversibility.
5.6 Resistance to Wear and Tear.
5.7 Chemical Compatibility.
5.8 Glass Transition Temperature.
5.9 High Temperature Behaviour.
5.10 Fluid Resistance.
5.11 Incompressibility.
5.12 Natural Rubber.
5.13 Synthetic Polyisoprene (IR).
5.14 Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR).
5.15 Butadiene Rubber.
5…