Despite its enormous economic consequences and a presumably very high prevalence, hemorrhoidal disease is of minor scientific importance in medical research. Inadequate treatment, especially insufficient diagnosis, could lead to grave results for the patient. The primary aim of this first monograph after more than 40 years now is to impart the latest scientific findings of the last fifty years to proctologists, surgeons, gastroenterologists, medical practitioners, dermatologists, urologists and gynecologists in a compact form. The authors attached great importance to the presentation of the different methods of conservative and operative therapies.