The foundation needed for the understanding and hence the treatment of a disease is a knowledge of the natural morphology and physiology of the affected organ and the system to which it belongs. In describing the anatomy of the pelvis and its organs in relation to medical practice, attention will be paid to defensive, reproduc­ tive, metabolic and excretory systems as well as to describing physical features and surgical approaches. The disposition of the pelvic organs in the body framework merits particular attention. The pelvis and its organs undergo considerable sexual differentiation, the functions of those with opening and closing mechanisms require training, and the pelvis is the keystone of the lower limbs and the spine. Disorders of pelvic organs cause distressing illnesses. Deliberate limitation of the scope of this volume excludes description of the anatomic foundations of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium. These will be dealt with in a separate volume. Not only are the anatomic foundations of medical practice the starting point of the account, they are also constantly kept in view. The illustrations and text combine to provide a visual synopsis. The illustrations are based on original dissections and are drawn true to scale as far as possible. No use has been made of special means of visualizing organs or their vasculature, such as roentgenography, computed tomog­ raphy, arteriography, phlebography, lymphography and sonography. Technical stan­ dards change rapidly and individual findings inevitably receive overmuch attention. Relevant publications are named in the list of references.

General Part.- Structural and Functional Anatomy of the Pelvis.- I. General.- 1. Definition.- 2. Limits of the Pelvis.- 3. General Characteristics of the Pelvis.- II. External Appearance.- 1. Ventral Aspect.- 2. Dorsal Aspect.- 3. Lateral Aspect.- 4. Inferior Aspect.- 5. The Skin Covering of the Pelvis.- 6. Hair Distribution.- 7. Skin Mobility of the Pelvis.- III. Importance of the Pelvic Girdle.- IV. Pelvic Morphology in Relation to Constitution.- 1. Athletic Type.- 2. Pyknic Type.- 3. Leptosomatic Type.- V. Pelvic Girdle.- 1. Components of the Pelvic Girdle.- 2. Development of the Pelvic Girdle.- 3. Wedging of the Sacrum into the Pelvis.- 4. Pelvic Movements.- 5. Injuries of Pelvic Girdle Joints.- VI. Bony Pelvis.- 1. Sacrum.- 1.1 Promontory.- 1.2 Number of Vertebrae.- 2. Coccyx.- 3. Morphogenesis of Sacrum and Coccyx and its Relevance to Malformations.- 4. Malformations.- 4.1 Aplasia.- 4.2 Asymmetry.- 4.3 Deficient Regression of Sacral Vertebrae.- 4.4 Unphysiologic Curvature of the Sacrum.- 4.5 Sacral Cysts.- 4.6 Sacral Tumors.- 4.7 Ventral Meningocele of Sacrum.- 4.8 Lumbosacral Assimilation.- 5. Hip Bone.- 6. Ilium.- 7. Ischium.- 8. Pubis.- 9. Nonuniform Thickness of Acetabulum.- 10. Rim of Acetabulum.- 11. Development of the Acetabulum.- 12. Dimensions of the Acetabulum.- VII. Pelvic Ligaments.- VIII. Joints of the Pelvis.- 1. Sacroiliac Joint.- 1.1 Ligaments of the Sacroiliac Joint.- 1.2 Innervation of the Sacroiliac Joint.- 1.3 Topographic Relations of the Sacroiliac Joint.- 2. Symphysis Pubis.- 2.1 Topographic Relations of the Symphysis Pubis.- 2.2 Ligaments of the Symphysis Pubis.- 2.3 Tensile Strength.- IX. Statics and Mechanics of the Osteoligamentous Pelvis.- X. Female Bony Pelvis.- 1. Anthropoid Pelvis.- 2. Gynecoid Pelvis.- 3. Android Pelvis.- 4. Platypelloid Pelvis.- XI. Visible and Palpable Parts of the Pelvis.- XII. Pelvic Landmarks.- XIII. Development of the Pelvis; Malformations.- XIV. Growth of the Pelvis; Abnormalities.- XV. Varieties of Pelvic Architecture.- XVI. Ossification of the Pelvis.- XVII. Shaping of the Pelvis; Sex Differences.- XVIII. Pelvic Measurements.- 1. Plane of Least Pelvic Dimensions.- 2. Pelvic Planes.- 3. Pelvic Dimensions.- XIX. Pelvic Deformities.- 1. High Pelvis.- 2. Broad Pelvis.- 3. Contracted Pelvis.- 3.1 Symmetrically Contracted Pelvis.- 3.2 Asymmetrically Contracted Pelvis.- 4. Simple Flat Pelvis.- 4.1 Rachitic Flat Pelvis.- 5. Obliquely Contracted Pelvis.- 6. Coxalgic Pelvis.- 7. Scoliotic Pelvis.- 8. Ankylotic Pelvis (Naegele's Pelvis).- 9. Transversely Contracted Pelvis (Robert's Pelvis).- XX. Pelvic Injuries.- 1. Pelvic Ring Fractures.- 2. Main Types of Acetabular Fracture.- 2.1 Isolated Fracture of Rim of Acetabulum.- 2.2 Anterior Acetabular Roof Fracture.- 2.3 Single Column Fracture.- 2.4 Pure Transverse Fracture.- 2.5 Combinations of Fractures.- 2.6 Fracture of Both Columns.- XXI. Blood Vessels of Pelvic Bones.- 1. Arteries of Pelvic Bones.- 2. Veins of Pelvic Bones.- XXII. Muscle Attachments on Pelvis.- XXIII. Anterior Abdominal Wall and Pelvis.- XXIV. Pelvic Floor Musculature.- 1. Striated Muscle and Fibrous Tissue System of Pelvic Floor.- 1.1. Levator Ani Muscle.- 1.2. Pubococcygeus.- 1.3. Levator Prostatae (Pubovaginalis).- 1.4. Puborectalis.- 1.5. Iliococcygeus.- 1.6. Coccygeus Muscle.- 1.7. Deep Transverse Perineal Muscle.- 1.8. Superficial Transverse Perineal Muscle.- 1.9. Ischiocavernosus Muscle.- 1.10. Bulbocavernosus Muscle.- 1.11. Sphincter Urethrae Muscle.- 2. The Nonstriated Musculoflbrous System of the Pelvic Floor.- Sagittal Components of the Nonstriated Musculoflbrous System.- 2.1. Puboprostatic and Pubovesical Ligaments.- 2.2. Recto-urethral Muscle.- 2.3. Rectococcygeus Muscle (of Treitz).- 2.4. The Nonstriated Muscle Center of the Perineum.- 2.5. Ischioprostatic Muscle.- 2.6. Cardinal Ligament of the Uterus.- Coronal Components of the Nonstriated Musculoflbrous System.- 2.7. Broad Ligament of Uterus.- Vascular, Nervous and Lymphatic Systems.- XXV. Blood Vessels of the Pelvis.- 1. Arteries of the Pelvis.- 1.1 Internal Iliac Artery.- 1.2 Iliolumbar Artery.- 1.3 Lateral Sacral Artery.- 1.4 Superior Gluteal Artery.- 1.5 Inferior Gluteal Artery.- 1.6 Umbilical Artery.- 1.7 Superior Vesical Artery.- 1.8 Inferior Vesical Artery.- 1.9 Middle Rectal Artery.- 1.10 Uterine Artery.- 1.11 Obturator Artery.- 1.12 Internal Pudendal Artery.- 1.13 Inferior Rectal Artery.- 1.14 Perineal Artery.- 1.15 Artery of Bulb of Penis.- 1.16 Urethral Artery.- 1.17 Deep Artery of Penis.- 1.18 Dorsal Artery of Penis.- 2. Veins of the Pelvis.- 2.1 Inferior Vena Cava.- 2.2 Renal Vein.- 2.3 Common Iliac Vein.- 2.4 External Iliac Vein.- 2.5 Pubic Vein.- 2.6 Inferior Epigastric Vein.- 2.7 Deep Circumflex Iliac Vein.- 2.8. Internal Iliac Vein.- 2.9 Obturator Vein.- 2.10 Lateral Sacral Vein.- 2.11 Middle Rectal Vein.- 2.12 Vesical Venous Plexus.- 2.13 Prostatic Venous Plexus.- 2.14 Deep Dorsal Vein of Penis.- 2.15 Superficial Dorsal Vein of Penis.- 2.16 Uterine Venous Plexus.- 2.17 Internal Pudendal Vein.- 3. Venous Collateral Circulation of the Pelvis.- 3.1 Transverse Collateral Veins.- 3.2 Vertical Collateral Veins.- XXVI. Nerves in the Pelvis.- Somatic Motor Innervation.- 1. Lumbar Plexus.- 1.1 Iliohypogastric Nerve.- 1.2 Ilio-inguinal Nerve.- 1.3 Genitofemoral Nerve.- 1.4 Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh.- 1.5 Femoral Nerve.- 1.6 Obturator Nerve.- 2. Sacral Plexus.- 2.1 Sciatic Nerve.- 2.2 Superior Gluteal Nerve.- 2.3 Inferior Gluteal Nerve.- 2.4 Gluteal Branches of Posterior Cutaneous Nerve.- 2.5 Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh.- 2.6 Pudendal Plexus.- 2.7 Pudendal Nerve.- 2.8 Inferior Rectal Nerves.- 2.9 Perineal Nerves.- 2.10 Dorsal Nerve of Penis.- 2.11 Branches of Coccygeal Plexus.- Spinal Cord Segments and the Muscles Supplied.- Somatic Sensibility (Pain).- 1. First Neuron.- 2. Second Neuron.- Supraspinal, Ascending Conduction.- 1. Rhombencephalon.- 2. Diencephalon.- 3. Telencephalon.- The Autonomic Nervous System in the Pelvis.- 1. Sympathetic Nervous System in the Pelvis.- 1.1 First Neuron.- 1.2 Prevertebral Plexus.- 1.3 Transmitter Substances.- 2. Parasympathetic Nervous System in the Pelvis.- XXVII. Pelvic Connective Tissue.- 1. Dense Connective Tissue.- 1.1 Ligaments.- 1.2 Boundary Lamellae.- 1.3 Fasciae.- 1.4 Neurovascular Bundles.- 2. Loose Connective Tissue…