Compared to the traditional modeling of computational fluid dynamics, direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large-eddy simulation (LES) provide a very detailed solution of the flow field by offering enhanced capability in predicting the unsteady features of the flow field. In many cases, DNS can obtain results that are impossible using any other me

Xi Jiang is Senior Lecturer of Mechanical Engineering in the School of Engineering and Design at Brunel University.

Choi-Hong Lai is Professor of Numerical Mathematics in the School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences at the University of Greenwich.