Unique in addressing two different problems - sound
visualization and manipulation - in a unified way

Advances in signal processing technology are enabling ever more
accurate visualization of existing sound fields and precisely
defined sound field production. The idea of explaining both the
problem of sound visualization and the problem of the manipulation
of sound within one book supports this inter-related area of
study. With rapid development of array technologies, it is
possible to do much in terms of visualization and manipulation,
among other technologies involved with the spatial distribution of
sound. This book aims to explore various basic functions for the
visualization and manipulation and demonstrate to the reader how
these properties determine the quality of visualization and
manipulation. The first half of the book introduces some basic and
general concepts and theories and the second part of the book
explains a number of techniques in sound visualization and
manipulation. It offers a unified presentation to two very
different topics - sound field visualization techniques based on
microphone arrays, and techniques for generation of controlled
sound fields using loudspeaker arrays. The authors emphasize the
similarities between these two physical problems and between the
mathematical methods used for solving them.

With extensive examples throughout the book, chapters include:
Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Acoustic
Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Basic Theory of
Sound Visualization, Acoustic Holography, Beamforming, Basic Theory
of Sound Manipulation, Sound Focusing, and Sound Field
Reproduction.

* The first book to combine both the visualization and
manipulation of sound technologies in one comprehensive volume

* Presents the basic concepts using simple one dimensional cases
and then extends the concept to three dimensional cases, enabling
easier understanding of the fundamental concepts through the use of
minimum mathematics

* Provides a solid understanding of associated physics as well as
mathematical concepts for understanding the technologies,
addressing diffraction problems in an integrated format by using
Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation

* Uses extensive examples demonstrating the benefits and
drawbacks of various applications, including beamforming and
acoustic holography

A valuable resource forpost/graduate students, acoustic
engineers, audio and noise control system developers

Professor Yang-Hann Kim and Jung-Woo Choi; both of the Center for Noise and Vibration Control (NOVIC), Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Engineering, Korea.
Professor Kim gained his B.S. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering from Seoul National University, Korea, in 1977, and his Ph.D in Acoustics and Vibration in M.E. (O.E. Program), M.I.T., USA, in 1985. He has been working in the field of sound visualization and manipulation for more than 20 years, and has taught acoustics to undergraduate and graduate students. His research interests include Sound Visualization, Active Noise/Vibration Control, Sound Focusing, Structural Acoustics, and Duct Acoustics. He has written two books and contributed to numerous journals and conference papers. Professor Kim was awarded the Excellence Award in Teaching from Mechanical Engineering, KAIST (Dynamics, 2010).

Professor Choi gained his Ph.D in Acoustics and Vibration in Mechanical Engineering from KAIST in 2005. He was Visiting Post-Doctoral Researcher Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR) at the University of Southampton, UK, in 2006, and worked as a Senior Engineer in the Acoustic and Sound Technology Lab., Samsung Electronics in 2011 before taking up his current post. Professor Choi's research interests include Sound Focusing, Sound Field Reproduction, Sound Visualization, and Active Noise/Vibration Control. He has written extensively on the topic in numerous journals and conference proceedings.

Unique in addressing two different problems sound visualization and manipulation in a unified way

Advances in signal processing technology are enabling ever more accurate visualization of existing sound fields and precisely defined sound field production. The idea of explaining both the problem of sound visualization and the problem of the manipulation of sound within one book supports this inter-related area of study. With rapid development of array technologies, it is possible to do much in terms of visualization and manipulation, among other technologies involved with the spatial distribution of sound. This book aims to explore various basic functions for the visualization and manipulation and demonstrate to the reader how these properties determine the quality of visualization and manipulation. The first half of the book introduces some basic and general concepts and theories and the second part of the book explains a number of techniques in sound visualization and manipulation. It offers a unified presentation to two very different topics - sound field visualization techniques based on microphone arrays, and techniques for generation of controlled sound fields using loudspeaker arrays. The authors emphasize the similarities between these two physical problems and between the mathematical methods used for solving them.

With extensive examples throughout the book, chapters include: Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Acoustic Wave Equation and its Basic Physical Measures, Basic Theory of Sound Visualization, Acoustic Holography, Beamforming, Basic Theory of Sound Manipulation, Sound Focusing, and Sound Field Reproduction.

• The first book to combine both the visualization and manipulation of sound technologies in one comprehensive volume
• Presents the basic concepts using simple one dimensional cases and then extends the concept to three dimensional cases, enabling easier understanding of the fundamental concepts through the use of minimum mathematics
• Provides a solid understanding of associated physics as well as mathematical concepts for understanding the technologies, addressing diffraction problems in an integrated format by using Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral equation
• Uses extensive examples demonstrating the benefits and drawbacks of various applications, including beamforming and acoustic holography

A valuable resource forpost/graduate students, acoustic engineers, audio and noise control system developers

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xvii

Part I ESSENCE OF ACOUSTICS

1 Acoustic Wave Equation and Its Basic Physical Measures 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 One-Dimensional Acoustic Wave Equation 3

1.2.1 Impedance 9

1.3 Three-Dimensional Wave Equation 10

1.4 Acoustic Intensity and Energy 11

1.4.1 Complex-Valued Pressure and Intensity 16

1.5 The Units of Sound 18

1.6 Analysis Methods of Linear Acoustic Wave Equation 27

1.6.1 Acoustic Wave Equation and Boundary Condition 28

1.6.2 Eigenfunctions and Modal Expansion Theory 31

1.6.3 Integral Approach Using Green's Function 35

1.7 Solutions of the Wave Equation 39

1.7.1 Plane Wave 40

1.7.2 Spherical Wave 41

1.8 Chapter Summary 46

References 46

2 Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction 49

2.1 Introduction/Study Objectives 49

2.2 Radiation of a Breathing Sphere and a Trembling Sphere 50

2.3 Radiation from a Baffled Piston 58

2.4 Radiation from a Finite V…