Provides technical details and developments for all automotive power transmission systems
The transmission system of an automotive vehicle is the key to the dynamic performance, drivability and comfort, and fuel economy. Modern advanced transmission systems are the combination of mechanical, electrical and electronic subsystems. The development of transmission products requires the synergy of multi-disciplinary expertise in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and electronic and software engineering.
Automotive Power Transmission Systems comprehensively covers various types of power transmission systems of ground vehicles, including conventional automobiles driven by internal combustion engines, and electric and hybrid vehicles. The book covers the technical aspects of design, analysis and control for manual transmissions, automatic transmission, CVTs, dual clutch transmissions, electric drives, and hybrid power systems. It not only presents the technical details of key transmission components, but also covers the system integration for dynamic analysis and control.
Key features:
* Covers conventional automobiles as well as electric and hybrid vehicles.
* Covers aspects of design, analysis and control.
* Includes the most recent developments in the field of automotive power transmission systems.
The book is essential reading for researchers and practitioners in automotive, mechanical and electrical engineering.
Autorentext
Yi Zhang is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, USA. His current work focuses on the design, analysis and control of various transmissions for conventional automobiles. Other areas of research are theory of gearing and applications, hybrid vehicles, robotics, and mechanisms.
Chris Mi is a Professor and the Chair of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at San Diego State University, USA. He is also the Director of the GATE Center for Electric Drive Transportation funded by the DOE. His research focuses on hybrid electric vehicles and power electronics. He is an Area Editor and Associate Editor of three IEEE Transactions. He is also a Fellow of both the IEEE and the SAE.
Inhalt
Series Preface xi
Preface xiii
1 Automotive Engine Matching 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Output Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines 2
1.2.1 Engine Output Power and Torque 2
1.2.2 Engine Fuel Map 4
1.2.3 Engine Emission Map 5
1.3 Road Load, Driving Force, and Acceleration 6
1.3.1 Axle Loads 7
1.3.2 Road Loads 8
1.3.3 Powertrain Kinematics and Traction 9
1.3.4 Driving Condition Diagram 13
1.3.5 Ideal Transmission 15
1.3.6 PowerSpeed Chart 17
1.4 Selection of Gear Ratios 18
1.4.1 Highest Gear Ratio 18
1.4.2 First Gear Ratio 19
1.4.3 Intermediate Gear Ratios 20
1.4.4 Finalization of Gear Ratios 23
References 26
Problem 26
2 Manual Transmissions 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Powertrain Layout and Manual Transmission Structure 30
2.3 Power Flows and Gear Ratios 37
2.4 Manual Transmission Clutches 40
2.4.1 Clutch Structure 40
2.4.2 Clutch Torque Capacity 43
2.4.3 Clutch Design 44
2.5 Synchronizer and Synchronization 45
2.5.1 Shift without Synchronizer 45
2.5.2 Shift with Synchronizer 47
2.6 Dynamic Modeling of Synchronization Process 52
2.6.1 Equivalent Mass Moment of Inertia 53
2.6.2 Equation of Motion during Synchronization 55
2.6.3 Condition for Synchronization 56
2.7 Shifting Mechanisms 59
References 62
Problems 62
3 Transmission Gear Design 65
3.1 Introduction 65
3.2 Gear Design Fundamentals 66
3.2.1 Conjugate Motion and Definitions 66
3.2.2 Property of Involute Curves 67
3.2.3 Involute Curves as Gear Tooth Profiles 68
3.2.4 Characteristics of Involute Gearing 69
3.3 Design of Tooth Element Proportions of Standard Gears 72
3.3.1 Gear Dimensional and Geometrical Parameters 72
3.3.2 Standardization of Tooth Dimensions 72
3.3.3 Tooth Dimensions of Standard Gears 74
3.3.4 Contact Ratio 74
3.3.5 Tooth Thickness and Space along the Tooth Height 76
3.4 Design of Non-Standard Gears 78
3.4.1 Standard and Non-Standard Cutter Settings 78
3.4.2 Avoidance of Tooth Undercutting and Minimum Number of Teeth 79
3.4.3 Systems of Non-standard Gears 81
3.4.4 Design of Long-Short Addendum Gear System 82
3.4.5 Design of General Non-Standard Gear System 83
3.5 Involute Helical Gears 86
3.5.1 Characteristics of Involute Helical Gearing 87
3.5.2 Design Parameters on the Normal and Transverse Sections 87
3.5.3 Tooth Dimensions of Standard Involute Helical Gears 89
3.5.4 Minimum Number of Teeth for Involute Helical Gears 89
3.5.5 Contact Ratio of Involute Helical Gears 90
3.5.6 Design of Non-standard Involute Helical Gears 91
3.6 Gear Tooth Strength and Pitting Resistance 91
3.6.1 Determination of Gear Forces 91
3.6.2 AGMA Standard on Bending Strength and Pitting Resistance 93
3.6.3 Pitting Resistance 93
3.6.4 Bending Strength 94
3.7 Design of Automotive Transmission Gears 95
3.8 Planetary Gear Trains 103
3.8.1 Simple Planetary Gear Train 106
3.8.2 Dual-Planet Planetary Gear Train 107
3.8.3 Ravigneaux Planetary Gear Train 107
References 108
Problems 109
4 Torque Converters 111
4.1 Introduction 111
4.2 Torque Converter Structure and Functions 112
4.2.1 Torque Multiplication and Fluid Coupling 114
4.2.2 Torque Converter Locking up 115
4.3 ATF Circulation and Torque Formulation 116
4.3.1 Terminologies and Definitions 116
4.3.2 Velocity Diagrams 119
4.3.3 Angular Momentum of ATF Flow and Torque Formulation 122
4.4 Torqu...