Industrial application of ion exchange membranes started from saline water desalination. However, now it extends widely in many fields such as drinking water or wastewater treatment, demineralization of amino acid, whey, sugar liquor, recovery of useful components, treatment of organic substances and contributes to the improvement of our standard of living. The application of ion exchange membranes must expand further if we pay attention to unique functions of the membranes for separating ionic species from non-ionic substances or other kinds of ionic species. This new book discusses the performance of an electrodialyzer from the stand point of fundamental and practical views.