As an in-depth guide to understanding wind effects on cable-supported bridges, this book uses analytical, numerical and experimental methods to give readers a fundamental and practical understanding of the subject matter. It is structured to systemically move from introductory areas through to advanced topics currently being developed from research work. The author concludes with the application of the theory covered to real-world examples, enabling readers to apply their knowledge.
The author provides background material, covering areas such as wind climate, cable-supported bridges, wind-induced damage, and the history of bridge wind engineering. Wind characteristics in atmospheric boundary layer, mean wind load and aerostatic instability, wind-induced vibration and aerodynamic instability, and wind tunnel testing are then described as the fundamentals of the subject. State-of-the-art contributions include rain-wind-induced cable vibration, wind-vehicle-bridge interaction, wind-induced vibration control, wind and structural health monitoring, fatigue analysis, reliability analysis, typhoon wind simulation, non-stationary and nonlinear buffeting response. Lastly, the theory is applied to the actual long-span cable-supported bridges.
* Structured in an easy-to-follow way, covering the topic from the fundamentals right through to the state-of-the-art
* Describes advanced topics such as wind and structural health monitoring and non-stationary and nonlinear buffeting response
* Gives a comprehensive description of various methods including CFD simulations of bridge and vehicle loading
* Uses two projects with which the author has worked extensively, Stonecutters cable-stayed bridge and Tsing Ma suspension bridge, as worked examples, giving readers a practical understanding
Autorentext
You Lin Xu, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
Prof. Y L Xu obtained his Doctorate from The University of Sydney, Australia, in 1991. Having worked at James Cook University, Australia, as a research fellow from 1991-95, he joined The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in 1995. He was promoted to Professor in 1999 and to Chair Professor in 2003. Prof. Xu has been the founding Director of Research Centre for Urban Hazards Mitigation of the University since 2002, and was appointed as Head of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering of the University in 2007.
Prof. Xu has conducted research and consultancy work in the field of wind engineering and bridge engineering for almost 30 years. He has worked extensively on wind loading and effect on the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong since 1995. Prof. Xu has also been heavily involved in wind studies of the Stonecutters Bridge in Hong Kong. At The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Prof. Xu has taught the subject "Wind Engineering" to MSc students since 1998. He has edited 5 books, published over 160 refereed international journal papers, and presented over 200 conference papers. Prof. Xu is a Fellow Member of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineers (HKIE) and a Fellow Member of the American Society of Civil Engineer (ASCE).
Inhalt
Foreword xxi
by Ahsan Kareem and Robert M Moran
Foreword xxiii
by Hai-Fan Xian
Preface xxv
Acknowledgements xxvii
1 Wind Storms and Cable-Supported Bridges 1
1.1 Preview 1
1.2 Basic Notions of Meteorology 1
1.3 Basic Types of Wind Storms 6
1.4 Basic Types of Cable-Supported Bridges 11
1.5 Wind Damage to Cable-Supported Bridges 16
1.6 History of Bridge Aerodynamics 19
1.7 Organization of this Book 21
1.8 Notations 22
2 Wind Characteristics in Atmospheric Boundary Layer 25
2.1 Preview 25
2.2 TurbulentWinds in Atmospheric Boundary Layer 25
2.3 Mean Wind Speed Profiles 27
2.4 Wind Turbulence 31
2.5 Terrain and Topographic Effects 40
2.6 Design Wind Speeds 43
2.7 Directional Preference of High Winds 48
2.8 Case Study: Tsing Ma Bridge Site 49
2.9 Notations 57
3 Mean Wind Load and Aerostatic Instability 61
3.1 Preview 61
3.2 Mean Wind Load and Force Coefficients 61
3.3 Torsional Divergence 63
3.4 3-D Aerostatic Instability Analysis 66
3.5 Finite Element Modeling of Long-Span Cable-Supported Bridges 67
3.6 Mean Wind Response Analysis 73
3.7 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge 74
3.8 Notations 80
4 Wind-Induced Vibration and Aerodynamic Instability 83
4.1 Preview 83
4.2 Vortex-Induced Vibration 84
4.3 Galloping Instability 88
4.4 Flutter Analysis 91
4.5 Buffeting Analysis in the Frequency Domain 101
4.6 Simulation of Stationary Wind Field 107
4.7 Buffeting Analysis in the Time Domain 109
4.8 Effective Static Loading Distributions 112
4.9 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge 115
4.10 Notations 126
5 Wind-Induced Vibration of Stay Cables 131
5.1 Preview 131
5.2 Fundamentals of Cable Dynamics 131
5.3 Wind-Induced Cable Vibrations 136
5.4 Mechanism of Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration 138
5.5 Prediction of Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration 151
5.6 Occurrence Probability of Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration 158
5.7 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge 163
5.8 Notations 173
6 Wind-Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 177
6.1 Preview 177
6.2 Wind-Road Vehicle Interaction 178
6.3 Formulation of Wind-Road Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 196
6.4 Safety Analysis of Road Vehicles on Ting Kau Bridge under Crosswind 200
6.5 Formulation of Wind-Railway Vehicle Interaction 206
6.6 Safety and Ride Comfort of Ground Railway Vehicle under Crosswind 217
6.7 Wind-Railway Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 228
6.8 Notations 234
7 Wind Tunnel Studies 241
7.1 Preview 241
7.2 Boundary Layer Wind Tunnels 241
7.3 Model Scaling Requirements 244
7.4 Boundary Wind Simulation 247
7.5 Section Model Tests 254
7.6 Taut Strip Model Tests 258
7.7 Full Aeroelastic Model Tests 259
7.8 Identification of Flutter Derivatives 260
7.9 Identification of Aerodynamic Admittance 266
7.10 Cable Model Tests 268
7.11 Vehicle-Bridge Model Tests 274
7.12 Notations 283
8 Computational Wind Engineering 289
8.1 Preview 289
8.2 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow 289
8.3 Turbulence and its Modeling 293
8.4 Numerical Considerations 304
8.5 CFD for Force Coefficients of Bridge Deck 319
8.6 CFD for Vehicle Aerodynamics 323
8.7 CFD for Aerodynamics of Coupled Vehicle-Bridge Deck System 330
8.8 CFD for Flutter Derivatives of Bridge Deck 336
8.9 CFD for Non-Linear Aerodynamic Forces on Bridge Deck 339<...