Learn practical guidelines for designing and deploying a scalable BGP routing architecture
- Up-to-date coverage of BGP features like performance tuning, multiprotocol BGP, MPLS VPN, and multicast BGP
- In-depth coverage of advanced BGP topics to help design a complex BGP routing architecture
- Practical design tips that have been proven in the field
- Extensive configuration examples and case studies
BGP Design and Implementation focuses on real-world problems and provides not only design solutions, but also the background on why they are appropriate and a practical overview of how they apply into a top-down design. The BGP protocol is being used in both service provider and enterprise networks. The design goals of these two groups are different, leading to different architectures being used in each environment. The title breaks out the separate goals, and resulting solutions for each group to assist the reader in further understanding different solution strategies.
This book starts by identifying key features and functionality in BGP. It then delves into the topics of performance tuning, routing policy development, and architectural scalability. It progresses by examining the challenges for both the service provider and enterprise customers, and provides practical guidelines and a design framework for each. BGP Design and Implementation finishes up by closely looking at the more recent extensions to BGP through Multi-Protocol BGP for MPLS-VPN, IP Multicast, IPv6, and CLNS.
Each chapter is generally organized into the following sections: Introduction, Design and Implementation Guidelines, Case Studies, and Summary.
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Autorentext
Luc De Ghein, CCIE No. 1897, is an escalation engineer for Cisco Systems in EMEA. Luc has been in the networking industry for 13 years and has been with Cisco for more than 11 years. He provides escalation support to Cisco engineers worldwide and teaches others about IP routing protocols and MPLS technologies. Luc has been a speaker at several Networkers conferences. During the past seven years, Luc has specialized in the area of MPLS technologies. Before moving to his current position, Luc was a Technical Assistance Center (TAC) customer support engineer for two and a half years, specializing in routing. He has been an escalation engineer for routing and MPLS technologies for more than eight years. Since 1996, Luc has been a Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE). He is certified as both a Routing and Switching CCIE and as a Service Provider CCIE.
Inhalt
Introduction.
I. UNDERSTANDING ADVANCED BGP.
1. Advanced BGP Introduction.
Understanding BGP Characteristics. Reliability. Stability. Scalability. Flexibility. Comparing BGP and IGP.
2. Understanding BGP Building Blocks.
Comparing the Control Plane and Forwarding Plane. BGP Processes and Memory Use. BGP Path Attributes. ORIGIN. AS_PATH. NEXT_HOP. MULTI_EXIT_DISC. LOCAL_PREF. COMMUNITY. ORIGINATOR_ID. CLUSTER_LIST. Understanding Internal BGP. Path Decision Process. BGP Capabilities. BGP-IGP Routing Exchange. Routing Information Base. Switching Paths. Process Switching. Cache-Based Switching. Fast Switching. Optimum Switching. Distributed Optimum Switching. NetFlow Switching. Shortcomings of Cached-Based Switching Methods. Cisco Express Forwarding. FIB. Adjacency Table. Distributed CEF. Load Sharing. Comparison of Switching Mechanisms. Case Study: BGP Memory Use Estimation. Methods. Estimation Formulas. Free Memory Before BGP Is Enabled. Memory Use for BGP Networks. Memory Use for BGP Paths. Memory Use for BGP Path Attributes. Memory Use for IP NDB. Memory Use for IP RDB. Memory Use for IP CEF. Total BGP Memory Use. Analysis. Summary.
3. Tuning BGP Performance.
BGP Convergence Tuning. TCP Protocol Considerations. TCP MSS. TCP Window Size. Path MTU Discovery. Queue Optimization. Packet Reception Process. Hold Queue Optimization. SPD. System Buffers. BGP Update Generation. Peer Groups. BGP Dynamic Update Peer Groups. Update Packing Enhancement. BGP Read-Only Mode. Performance Optimization Interdependencies. BGP Network Performance Features. Network Failure Impact Mitigation. BGP Fast External Fallover. IGP/BGP Convergence Time Deltas. BGP Non-Stop Forwarding. Prefix Update Optimization. Route Flap Dampening. BGP Soft Reconfiguration. Route Refresh Feature. Transmit Side Loop Detection. Outbound Route Filtering. Case Study: BGP Convergence Testing. Test Scenario. Baseline Convergence. Peer Group Benefits. Peer Groups and Path MTU Discovery. Peer Groups and Queue Optimization. Pre-Release 12.0(19)S Feature Comparison. Post-Release 12.0(19)S BGP Enhancements. Case Study Summary. Summary.
4. Effective BGP Policy Control.
Policy Control Techniques. Regular Expression. Components of a Regular Expression. How to Use Regular Expressions in Cisco IOS Software. Filter Lists for Enforcing BGP Policies. Prefix Lists. AS Path Lists. Community Lists. Route Maps. Policy Lists. Filter Processing Order. Conditional Advertisement. Configurations. Examples. Aggregation and Deaggregation. Local AS. QoS Policy Propagation. Identifying and Tagging BGP Prefixes That Require Preferential Treatment. Setting FIB Policy Entries Based on BGP Tagging. Configuring Traffic Lookup on an Interface and Setting QoS Policies. Enforcing Policing on an Interface as Traffic Is Received and Transmitted. An Example of QPPB. BGP Policy Accounting. Case Study: AS Integration via the Local AS. Summary.
II. DESIGNING BGP ENTERPRISE NETWORKS.
5. Enterprise BGP Core Network Design.
Using BGP in the Enterprise Core. Defining the Problem. Determining the Solution. BGP Strengths. BGP Weaknesses. BGP Network Core Design Solutions. Internal BGP Core Architecture. Path Selection. Failure and Recovery Scenarios. Administrative Control. Routing Policy. External BGP Core Architecture. Path Selection. Failure and Recovery Scenarios. Administrative Control. Routing Policy. Internal/External BGP Core Architecture. Path Selection. Failure and Recovery Scenarios. Administrative Control. Routing Policy. Remote Site Aggregation. Case Study: BGP Core Deployment. BGP Core Design Scenario. Design Requirements. Potential Solutions. Requirements Analysis. Solution Description. Core Design. Major Center Attachment. Remote Site Aggregation. Internet Connectivity. Migration Plan. Supporting Infrastructure. Overlay BGP and Inject Prefixes. BGP Core Activation. Final Cleanup. Final Scenario. Summary.
6. Internet Connectivity for Enterprise Networks.
Determining What Information to Accept from Upstream Providers. Default Route Only. Default Plus Partial Routes. Full Internet Tables. Multihoming. Stub Network Single-Homed. Stub Network Multihomed. Single Border Router. Multiple Border Routers. Standard Multihomed Network. Single Border Router. Multiple Border Routers. Route Filtering. Inbound Filtering. Outbound Filtering. Load Balancing. Inbound Traffic Load Balancing. Outbound Traffic Load Balancing. Multiple Sessions to the Same Provider. EBGP Multihop Solution. EBGP Multipath Solution. Additional Connectivity Concerns. Provider-Based Summarization. Peering Filters. Case Study: Load Balancing in a Multihoming Environment. Scenario Overview. Traffic Flow Requirements. Failure Scenarios. Initial Configurations. Inbound Traffic Policy. Outbound Traffic Policy. Final Configurations. Summary.
III. DESIGNING BGP SERVICE PROVIDER NETWORKS.
7. Scalable iBGP Design and Implementation Guidelines.
Issues of iBGP Scalability. Route Reflection. How Route Reflec…
