A fully updated edition of a popular textbook covering the four disciplines of chemical technology?featuring new developments in the field
Clear and thorough throughout, this textbook covers the major sub-disciplines of modern chemical technology?chemistry, thermal and mechanical unit operations, chemical reaction engineering, and general chemical technology?alongside raw materials, energy sources and detailed descriptions of 24 important industrial processes and products. It brings information on energy and raw material consumption and production data of chemicals up to date and offers not just improved and extended chapters, but completely new ones as well.
This new edition of Chemical Technology: From Principles to Products features a new chapter illustrating the global economic map and its development from the 15th century until today, and another on energy consumption in human history. Chemical key technologies for a future sustainable energy system such as power-to-X and hydrogen storage are now also examined. Chapters on inorganic products, material reserves, and water consumption and resources have been extended, while another presents environmental aspects of plastic pollution and handling of plastic waste. The book also adds four important processes to its pages: production of titanium dioxide, silicon, production and chemical recycling of polytetrafluoroethylene, and fermentative synthesis of amino acids.
-Provides comprehensive coverage of chemical technology?from the fundamentals to 24 of the most important processes
-Intertwines the four disciplines of chemical technology: chemistry, thermal and mechanical unit operations, chemical reaction engineering and general chemical technology
-Fully updated with new content on: power-to-X and hydrogen storage; inorganic products, including metals, glass, and ceramics; water consumption and pollution; and additional industrial processes
-Written by authors with extensive experience in teaching the topic and helping students understand the complex concepts
Chemical Technology: From Principles to Products, Second Edition is an ideal textbook for advanced students of chemical technology and will appeal to anyone in chemical engineering.
Autorentext
Andreas Jess, PhD is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Bayreuth since 2001. His research interests are the optimization and modeling of catalytic processes, utilization of ionic liquids, and processes for production of fuels and chemicals from fossil and renewable resources.
Peter Wasserscheid, PhD, is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. He is also a founding member of the Solvent Innovation GmbH and acts as its scientific supervisor. His research focuses on highly selective catalytic processes.
Klappentext
Dieses beliebte Lehrbuch vereint die vier Fachrichtungen der Chemietechnik: Chemie, thermische und mechanische Verfahrenstechnik, chemische Reaktionstechnik und allgemeine Chemietechnik. Die 2. Auflage wurde aktualisiert und spiegelt neue Entwicklungen des Fachgebiets wider.
Inhalt
Preface of First Edition (and Guidelines How to Use This Textbook) xvii
Why a Second Edition? xviii
Notation xxi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 What is Chemical Technology? 1
1.2 The Chemical Industry 2
1.3 The Changing Global Economic Map 6
2 Chemical Aspects of Industrial Chemistry 19
2.1 Stability and Reactivity of Chemical Bonds 19
2.1.1 Factors that Influence the Electronic Nature of Bonds and Atoms 19
2.1.2 Steric Effects 20
2.1.3 Classification of Reagents 21
2.2 General Classification of Reactions 21
2.2.1 AcidBase-Catalyzed Reactions 22
2.2.2 Reactions via Free Radicals 23
2.2.3 Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions 24
2.2.4 Reactions via Carbocations 24
2.2.5 Electrophilic Substitution Reactions at Aromatic Compounds 25
2.2.6 Electrophilic Addition Reactions 27
2.2.7 Nucleophilic Addition Reactions 27
2.2.8 Asymmetric Synthesis 28
2.3 Catalysis 30
2.3.1 Introduction and General Aspects 30
2.3.2 Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, and Biocatalysis 35
2.3.3 Production and Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts 38
2.3.4 Deactivation of Catalysts 41
2.3.5 Future Trends in Catalysis Research 43
3 Thermal and Mechanical Unit Operations 45
3.1 Properties of Gases and Liquids 46
3.1.1 Ideal and Real Gas 46
3.1.2 Heat Capacities and the JouleThomson Effect 50
3.1.3 Physical Transformations of Pure Substances: Vaporization and Melting 53
3.1.4 Transport Properties (Diffusivity, Viscosity, Heat Conduction) 58
3.2 Heat and Mass Transfer in Chemical Engineering 69
3.2.1 Heat Transport 69
3.2.2 Mass Transport 86
3.3 Thermal Unit Operations 93
3.3.1 Heat Exchangers (Recuperators and Regenerators) 94
3.3.2 Distillation 99
3.3.3 Absorption (Gas Scrubbing) 110
3.3.4 LiquidLiquid Extraction 118
3.3.5 Adsorption 122
3.3.6 FluidSolid Extraction 136
3.3.7 Crystallization 139
3.3.8 Separation by Membranes 141
3.4 Mechanical Unit Operations 149
3.4.1 Conveyance of Fluids 149
3.4.2 Contacting and Mixing of Fluids 159
3.4.3 Crushing and Screening of Solids 160
3.4.4 Separation of Solids from Fluids 164
4 Chemical Reaction Engineering 171
4.1 Main Aspects and Basic Definitions of Chemical Reaction Engineering 171
4.1.1 Design Aspects and Scale-up Dimensions of Chemical Reactors 172
4.1.2 Speed of Chemical and Biochemical Reactions 172
4.1.3 Influence of Reactor Type on Productivity 174
4.1.4 Terms Used to Characterize the Composition of a Reaction Mixture 174
4.1.5 Terms Used to Quantify the Result of a Chemical Conversion 175
4.1.6 Reaction Time and Residence Time 175
4.1.7 Space Velocity and SpaceTime Yield 176
4.2 Chemical Thermodynamics 177
4.2.1 Introduction and Perfect Gas Equilibria 177
4.2.2 Real Gas Equilibria 184
4.2.3 Equilibrium of LiquidLiquid Reactions 186
4.2.4 Equilibrium of GasSolid Reactions 188
4.2.5 Calculation of Simultaneous Equilibria 190
4.3 Kinetics of Homogeneous Reactions 192
4.3.1 Rate Equation: Influence of Temperature and Reaction Order 192
4.3.2 Parallel Reactions and Reactions in Series 197
4.3.3 Reversible Reactions 200
4.3.4 Reactions with Varying Volume (for the Example of a Batch Reactor) 203
4.4 Kinetics of FluidFluid Reactions 204
4.4.1 Mass Transfer at a GasLiquid Interface (Two-Film Theory) 205
4.4.2 Mass Transfer with (Slow) Homogeneous Reaction in the Bulk Phase 207
4.4.3 Mass Transfer with Fast or Instantaneous Reaction near or at the Interface 208
4.5 Kinetics of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions 213
4.5.1 Spectrum of Factors Influencing the Rate of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Reactions 213
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