Institutional reforms and their contribution to development and growth have been a source of renewed interest as well as of many challenges over the last two decades. Identifying the forces that push towards reform and the conditions that determine the success or failure of reforms, building organizational arrangements needed to make modifications to the rules of the game sustainable, and understanding the limits to the transfer of reforms and to the help that international organizations and foreign institutions can provide to support change, raise intellectually difficult and politically highly sensitive issues. This book attempts to address these issues from an economic perspective. Combining knowledge and field experience, it develops an analysis of institutional changes and organizational transformations based on the experience of the public procurement reforms carried out in sub-Saharan Africa. This highlights the economic significance of procurement and the formidable obstacles that institutional changes face. Using an original dataset, it explores the gap between the expectations and what has been achieved. It develops a framework that intends to capture the complex interaction between the different components of reform and aims to provide useful insights for researchers and policy makers.

Christine Léon de Mariz was a Senior Economist at the World Bank and has more than a decade of experience in international development. She managed projects focusing on institution, governance, and public finance in Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Christine is a graduate of Sciences-Po Paris, holds a PhD in Economics from the University of Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne), and was a fellow at Harvard University. Claude Ménard is Professor of Economics at the University of Paris (Panthéon-Sorbonne) and affiliated to the Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne. He graduated from the University of Montréal in Canada and completed his PhD at the Sorbonne. He has been visiting professor in numerous universities worldwide, has published extensively in international journals, and has worked as consultant for several international organizations and governments, mainly on issues of reform in network infrastructures and institutional changes.

• Introduction
• PART I: Public Procurement Reforms in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview
• 1: Definition, Process, and Size of Public Procurement in Sub-Saharan Africa
• 2: Weaknesses and Flaws of Public Procurement Systems
• 3: Drivers of Change in Public Procurement
• 4: Modalities of Institutional and Organizational Changes
• Part II: Institutional Changes at Work: Assessing Successes and Failures
• 5: Interpreting Institutional Change in Public Procurement: Our Theoretical Framework
• 6: Assessing Progress in Public Procurement Reforms
• 7: Institutional Changes and Their Limitations in Sub-Saharan African Countries: Some Facts
• Part III - Organizational Change and Public Procurement Reforms: The Role of Micro-Institutions
• 8: A Theoretical Framework to Interpret Organizational Changes
• 9: Micro-Institutions as a Response to Weak Institutional Endowments: The Procurement Regulatory Authorities
• 10: To Delegate or Not to Delegate: The Advantages and Limits of Micro-institutions
• General Conclusions
• Annex