Examines in detail the controversial use of corporal punishment
Explores ways that psychology can add to our understanding of interpersonal violence
Offers directions for future research that can help to prevent or reduce incidents of interpersonal violence
Clive Hollin is Emeritus Professor of Criminological Psychology in the School of Psychology at The University of Leicester, UK. He is the author/editor of 21 books on topics relating to violence and criminal behavior. Hollin has also worked as a psychologist in prisons, the Youth Treatment Service, special hospitals, and regional secure units, and is a recipient of The Senior Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Field of Legal, Criminological and Forensic Psychology from The British Psychological Society.
Autorentext
Clive Hollin is Emeritus Professor of Criminological Psychology in the School of Psychology at The University of Leicester, UK. He is the author/editor of 21 books on topics relating to violence and criminal behavior. Hollin has also worked as a psychologist in prisons, the Youth Treatment Service, special hospitals, and regional secure units, and is a recipient of The Senior Award for Distinguished Contribution to the Field of Legal, Criminological and Forensic Psychology from The British Psychological Society.
Klappentext
From domestic abuse and threatening behaviour to stalking and school bullying, acts of violence between people can vary widely and occur across a range of environments. Against a theoretical backdrop influenced by social psychology rather than individual pathology, The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence identifies and explores the myriad forms of violent acts that occur between individuals in contemporary society. The book begins by exploring "everyday violence," addressing such pervasive behaviours as school and workplace bullying, forms of sexual harassment, animal cruelty, and even aggressive driving. Hollin also considers the violence (often hidden) that occurs against children or partners in a family home. Finally, the most serious acts of criminal violence, such as robbery and murder, and aggressive acts with a sexual element are examined. A concluding chapter reflects on the strength of the ways in which we understand interpersonal violence and offers suggestions for future research that can lead to the prevention or reduction of incidents of violent behaviour.
The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence is an invaluable resource for students, and for our current understanding of the causes and effects of acts of interpersonal violence in today's world.
Zusammenfassung
The Psychology of Interpersonal Violence is a textbook which gives comprehensive coverage of interpersonal violence exploring the various violent acts that occur between individuals in contemporary society.
- Examines in detail the controversial use of corporal punishment
- Explores ways that psychology can add to our understanding of interpersonal violence
- Offers directions for future research that can help to prevent or reduce incidents of interpersonal violence
Leseprobe
2
"Everyday" Violence
Some types of interpersonal violence, including both verbal and psychological violence, are so pervasive that we have learned to tolerate, even accept, them to such a degree that we are almost habituated to their presence. Thus, some types of violence have in effect become part of our everyday lives. Sabo et al. (2014) use the term "everyday violence" in the context of acts of violence which have become normalised in the lives of those who are exposed to and experience such acts. This "everyday" violence, or low-level aggression to use Goldstein's (2002) terminology, may take the form of interpersonal violence and will be discussed here in the context of bullying, road rage, violence and sport, violence towards animals, and corporal punishment of children.
It should be stated emphatically at the outset that the terms "low-level" and "everyday" are not used here in a pejorative sense, as if seeking to minimise the harm which such behaviour can cause. Indeed, as Jay (2009) notes with reference to verbal aggression, "Harms experienced by victims of hateful speech . . . include psychological and physiological symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): panic, fear, anxiety, nightmares, intrusive thoughts of intimidation and denigration" (p. 83).
We begin consideration of everyday violence by looking at bullying in its various forms and the settings in which it can take place.
Bullying
The behaviour of the group in preying on an individual is by no means exclusive to humans. In the wider animal kingdom there is the phenomenon of mobbing , as described by Lorenz (1966), which is a behaviour which occurs when large numbers of a species group together, or mob , to target an individual animal. For example, mobbing is seen when large numbers of birds incessantly harry a predator in order to protect their young. This behaviour may be highly specialised to the extent that some birds, such as gulls and crows which breed in colonies, have specific mobbing calls which carry over long distances to summon assistance when a predator has been observed. It is arguable from an evolutionary perspective that bullying is a human form of mobbing and, indeed, the term is sometimes used in this context within the bullying literature (e.g., Shallcross, Sheehan, & Ramsay, 2008). In keeping with this perspective, Salmivalli (2010) suggests that human bullying is a group activity, involving a group of people, such as a peer group or a school class, ill-treating an individual.
There is a substantial literature given to the topic of bullying in humans, ranging through issues of definition, theoretical understanding, psychological factors, and prevention (Hansen, Steenberg, Palic, & Elklit, 2012; Olweus, 2013; Smith & Jones, 2012). The types of behaviour that are generally classed as bullying fall into several broad categories. The distinction has been drawn between direct and indirect forms of bullying (Carbone-Lopez, Esbensen, & Brick, 2010; Card, Stucky, Sawalani, & Little, 2008). Direct bullying is characterised by physical and verbal violence, typically pushing and hitting, name-calling, and threats of physical violence. On the other hand, indirect bullying is psychological rather than physical in nature: the aim is often to set the victim apart from their peers, typically by spreading stories and starting rumours, so souring their social relationships. Indirect bullying is also referred to as relational bullying , a contemporary form of which has become known as cyberbullying (Campbell, 2005).
No matter what form it takes, there is a general consensus regarding the defining characteristics of bullying. First, there is intent, such that the aggressor means to inflict harm on another person through their actions. Second, the aggressive behaviour is not an i
Inhalt
Preface and Acknowledgements ix
1 Interpersonal Violence 1
2 "Everyday" Violence 33
3 Violence at Home 73
4 Criminal Violence 93
5 Sexual Violence 119
6 Where To Next? 147
References 153
Index 203