The most up-to-date edition of a critically acclaimed and widely read cross-cultural counseling resource

In the newly revised Ninth Edition of Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice, a team of veteran practitioners delivers an up-to-date and comprehensive exploration of multicultural counseling combining the most recent research and theoretical concepts in the field. The book examines concepts like "cultural humility," the role of white allies in multicultural counseling, social justice counseling, "minority stress," and microaggressions.

Readers will also find:

• Expansive discussions on the implications of numerous subjects for real-world clinical practice
• "Reflection and Discussion Questions" that encourage reader engagement, learning, and retention with the concepts discussed within
• Access to an instructor's website that provides PowerPoint decks, exam questions, sample syllabi, and links to other valuable resources

Perfectly suited to researchers and practitioners who work in or study mental health and interact with a racially, ethnically, culturally, or socio-demographically diverse population, Counseling the Culturally Diverse: Theory and Practice also belongs in the libraries of social workers and psychiatrists.

Derald Wing Sue, PhD, is a Professor of Psychology and Education in the Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology at Teachers College, Columbia University.

David Sue, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of Psychology and an associate at the Center for Cross-Cultural Research at Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington.

Helen A. Neville, PhD, is a Professor of Educational Psychology and African American Studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Laura Smith, PhD, is a Professor of Psychology and Education in the Counseling Psychology Program at Teachers College, Columbia University.

Preface xix

Section 1 The Multiple Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

Part 1 The Affective Conceptual and Practice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

1 Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training: Obstacles to Developing Cultural Competence 5

Expections for the Course 6

Reflection and Discussion Questions 6

Reactions to the Course 7

By The Numbers 8

Emotional Self-Revelations and Fears: Majority Group Members 8

Emotional Invalidation Versus Affirmation: Marginalized Group Members 10

A Word of Caution 12

Reflection and Discussion Questions 13

Recognizing and Understanding Resistance to Multicultural Training 13

Cognitive ResistanceDenial 14

Emotional Resistance 14

Did You Know? 15

Behavioral Resistance 17

Cultural Competence and Emotions 18

Implications for Clinical Practice 19

Summary 20

Glossary Terms 20

References 20

2 Multicultural Counseling and Therapy (MCT) 23

Race and Culture Matter 23

Reflection and Discussion Questions 25

Culture-Universal (ETIC) Versus Culture-Specific (EMIC) Formulations 25

Cultural Concepts of Distress 25

Acknowledging Group Differences 26

Being Aware of Collectivistic Cultures 26

Attuning to Cultural and Clinical Clues 26

Balancing the Culture-Specific and Culture-Universal Orientations 27

The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence 27

The Harm of Cultural Insensitivity 27

Good Counseling is Culturally Responsive Counseling 28

By The Numbers 28

Understanding The Three Dimensions of Identity 28

Individual Level: All Individuals Are in Some Respects Like No Other Individuals 29

Group Level: All Individuals Are in Some Respects Like Some Other Individuals 30

Universal Level: All Individuals Are in Some Respects Like All Other Individuals 30

Reflection and Discussion Questions 31

Individual and Universal Biases in Psychology and Mental Health 31

The Impact of Group Identities on Counseling and Psychotherapy 32

What is Multicultural Counseling and Therapy? 32

What is Cultural Competence? 33

Box 2.1: Multicultural Counseling Competencies 34

Did You Know? 35

Social Justice and Cultural Competence 36

Reflection and Discussion Questions 36

Implications for Clinical Practice 37

Summary 37

Glossary Terms 38

References 38

3 Cultural Perspectives and Barriers: The Individual Interplay of Cultural Experiences 41

Reflection and Discussion Questions 42

Characteristics of Conventional Counseling 42

Culture-Bound Values 44

Focus on the Individual 44

Verbal/Emotional/Behavioral Expressiveness 45

Insight 45

Self-Disclosure Openness and Intimacy 46

Styles of Communication 47

Did You Know? 48

Scientific Empiricism 49

Distinctions Between Mental and Physical Functioning 50

Patterns of Cultural Assumptions and Multicultural Family Counseling/Therapy 50

PeopleNature Dimension 51

Time Dimension 52

Relational Dimension 53

Activity Dimension 53

Nature of People Dimension 54

Language Barriers 55

Class-Bound Values and Perspectives 56

By The Numbers 56

The Damaging Impact of Poverty 56

Therapeutic Class Bias 57

Overgeneralizing and Stereotyping 58

Implications for Clinical Practice 58

Summary 59

Glossary Terms 60

References 60

Part 2 Sociopolitical and Social Justice Dimensions of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy

4 Microaggressions: Implications for Counseling and Psychotherapy 67

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