A History of Modern Psychology, 3rd Edition discusses the development and decline of schools of thought in modern psychology. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. Chapters focus on relevant topics such as the role of history in understanding the diversity and divisiveness of contemporary psychology; the impact of physics on the cognitive revolution and humanistic psychology; the influence of mechanism on Descartes's thinking; and the evolution of the third force, humanistic psychology. Undergraduate students of psychology and related fields will find the book invaluable in their pursuit of knowledge.
Inhalt
Contents
Preface
1 The Study of the History of Psychology
Introduction
Overview of the Development of Modern Psychology
The Relevance of the Past for the Present
The Evolution of Psychology: Conceptions of Scientific History
Landmarks of Development: Schools of Thought in Psychology
2 Direct Philosophical Influences on Psychology
The Spirit of Mechanism: The Universe as a Machine
The Beginnings of Modern Science: René Descartes (1596-1650)
The Life of Descartes
The Contributions of Descartes
British Empiricism and Associationism
John Locke (1632-1704)
George Berkeley (1685-1753)
David Hume (1711-1776)
David Hartley (1705-1757)
James Mill (1773-1836)
Contributions of Empiricism to Psychology
3 Physiological Influences on Psychology
Introduction
Developments in Early Physiology: An Overview
The Beginnings of Experimental Psychology
Why Germany?
Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)
Ernst Weber (1795-1878)
Gustav Theodor Techner (1801-1887)
The Formal "Founding" of the New Science
4 The New Psychology: Structuralism and its Early Opponents
Structuralism: An Overview
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
The Life of Wundt
Wundt's System
The Research Topics of the Leipzig Laboratory
In Retrospect
Other Early European Psychologists
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909)
Georg Elias Müller (1850-1934)
Franz Brentano (1838-1917)
Carl Stumpf (1848-1936)
Oswald Külpe (1862-1915) and the Würzburg School
Comment
5 Structuralism: Final Form
Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-1927)
The Life of Titchener
Titchener's System
Original Source Material on Structuralism: From A Text-Book of Psychology
The Fate of Structuralism
Criticisms of Structuralism
Contributions of Structuralism
6 Functionalism: Antecedent Influences
Introduction
Functionalism: An Overview
The Evolution Revolution: Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
The Life of Darwin
The Works of Darwin
The Influence of Darwin on Psychology
Individual Differences: Sir Francis Galton (1822-1911)
The Life of Galton
The Works of Galton
Comment
The Influence of Animal Psychology on Functionalism
Comment
7 Functionalism: American Pioneers
Only in America: Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) and Synthetic Philosophy
Anticipator of Functional Psychology: William James (1842-1910)
The Life of James
The Works of James
Comment
Granville Stanley Hall (1844-1924)
The Life of Hall
The Works of Hall
Comment
James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944)
The Life of Cattell
The Works of Cattell
Comment
Ganz Amerikanisch
8 Functionalism: Formal Development
The Founding of Functionalism
The Chicago School
John Dewey (1859-1952)
James Rowland Angell (1869-1949)
Harvey A. Carr (1873-1954)
Original Source Material on Functionalism: From Psychology
Functionalism at Columbia
Robert Sessions Woodworth (1869-1962)
Criticisms of Functionalism
Contributions of Functionalism
9 Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences
Introduction
The Influence of Animal Psychology on Behaviorism
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)
Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (1849-1936)
Vladimir M. Bekhterev (1857-1927)
Comment
The Influence of Functionalism on Behaviorism
10 Behaviorism: The beginnings
Introduction
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
Original Source Material on Behaviorism: From "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it"
Comment
The Methods of Behaviorism
The Subject Matter of Behaviorism
Specific Views and Concepts
Instinct
Learning
Emotion
Thought
Watson's Popular Appeal
A Final Note
Criticisms of Watsonian Behaviorism
Contributions of Watsonian Behaviorism
11 Behaviorism: After the Founding
Early Behaviorists
Edwin B. Holt (1873-1946)
Albert P. Weiss (1879-1931)
Karl Lashley (1890-1958)
The Influence of Operationism on Behaviorism
Neobehaviorists
Edward Chace Tolman (1886-1959)
Edwin Ray Guthrie (1886-1959)
Clark Leonard Hull (1884-1952)
Burrhus Frederick Skinner (1904-)
Challenges to Behaviorism
12 Gestalt Psychology
Introduction
Antecedent Influences
The Founding of Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer (1880-1943)
Kurt Koffka (1886-1941)
Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967)
The Nature of the Gestalt Revolt
Original Source Material on Gestalt Psychology: From "Gestalt Theory"
Major Principles of Gestalt Psychology
Principles of Organization
Principles of Learning
The Principle of Isomorphism
Post-Founding Developments
The Spread of Gestalt Psychology
Field Theory: Kurt Lewin (1890-1947)
The Influence of Lewin on Social Psychology
Criticisms of Gestalt Psychology
Contributions of Gestalt Psychology
13 Psychoanalysis: the Beginnings
Introduction
Antecedent Influences
Early Theories of the Unconscious
Psychopathology
Other Sources of Influence
The Development of Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Psychoanalysis as a Method of Treatment
Freud's Method of Research
Psychoanalysis as a System of Personality
Instincts
Unconscious and Conscious Aspects of Personality
Anxiety
Stages of Personality Development
Mechanism and Determinism in Freud's System
Conflicts between Psychoanalysis and Psychology
Criticisms of Psychoanalysis
The Scientific Credibility of Psychoanalysis
Contributions of Psychoanalysis
14 Psychoanalysis: After the Founding
Introduction
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
The Life of Jung
Jung's System: Analytical Psychology
Comment
Social-Psychological Theories in Psychoanalysis: The Zeitgeist Strikes Again
Alfred Adler (1870-1937)
The Life of Adler
Adler's System: Individual Psychology
Comment
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
Horney's System
Comment
Erich Fromm (1900-1980)
Fromm's System
Comment
Criticisms of the Social-Psychological Theories
15 More Recent Developments
Schools of Thought in Psychology