A History of Modern Psychology, Second Edition discusses the development and decline of schools of thought in modern psychology. The book presents the continuing refinement of the tools, techniques, and methods of psychology in order to achieve increased precision and objectivity. Chapters focus on relevant topics such as the beginning of the history of psychology; the philosophical and physiological influences on psychology; the details of various schools of thought in psychology; and the contemporary psychology of America and other countries. Undergraduate students of psychology and related fields will find the book invaluable in their pursuit of knowledge.
Inhalt
Contents
Preface
1 The Study of the History of Psychology
Introduction
The Physiological Influence
The Relevance of the Past for the Present
Where Does the History of Psychology Begin?
The Development of Schools of Thought in Psychology
Conceptions of Scientific History: Personalistic and Naturalistic
2 Direct Philosophical Influences on Psychology
The Spirit of Mechanism: The Universe as a Machine
The Beginnings of Modern Science: Descartes (1596-1650)
The Life of Descartes The Contributions of Descartes
British Empiricism and Associationism
John Locke (1632-1704) George Berkeley(1685-1153) David Hume (1111-1116) David Hartley (1105-1151) James Mill (1113-1836)
Contributions of Empiricism to Psychology
3 Physiological Influences on Psychology
Developments in Early Physiology: An Overview
The Beginnings of Experimental Psychology
Why Germany? Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) Ernst Weber (1195-1818) Gustav Theodor Fech7ier (1801-1881)
The Formal Founding of the New Science
A Note on "Founding"
4 The New Psychology: Structuralism and Its Early Opponents
An Overview of Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
The Life of Wundt The Wundtian System
The Research Topics of the Leipzig Laboratory
In Retrospect
Other Early European Psychologists
Hermann Ebbinghaus (1850-1909) George Elias Müller (1850-1934) Franz Brentano(1838-1911) Carl Stumpf (1848-1936) Oswald Külpe (1862-1915)
Comment
5 Structuralism: Final Form
Edward Bradford Titchener (1867-1927)
The Life of Titchener
Titchener's Systenatic Position
Original Source Material on Structuralism: From A Text-Book of Psychology
The Fate of Structuralism
Criticisms of Structuralism Contributions of Structuralism
6 Functionalism: Antecedent Influences
What Is Functionalism?
Historical Overview of Functionalism
The Evolution Revolution: Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
The Life of Darwin The Works of Darwin
The Influence of Darwin upon Psychology
Individual Differences: Sir Francis Galton -(1822-1911)
The Life of Galton The Works of Galton
Comment
Animal Psychology
A Final Note
7 Functionalism: American Pioneers
"Only in America"
Anticipator of Functional Psychology: William James (1842-1910)
The Life of James The Contributions of James
Comment
G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924)
The Life of Jiall The Works of Hall Comment
James McKeen Cattell (1860-1944)
The Life of Cattell The Works of Cattell
Comment
Ganz Amerikanisch
8 Functionalism: Formal Development
The Founding of Functionalism
The Chicago School
John Dewey (1859-1952) James Rowland
Angell (1869-1949) Harvey A. Carr (1873-1954)
Original Source Material on Functionalism: From Psychology
Functionalism at Columbia: Robert Sessions Woodworth (1869-1962)
Criticisms of Functionalism
Contributions of Functionalism
9 Behaviorism: Antecedent Influences
Introduction
Animal Psychology
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)
The Life of Thorndike Thorndike's Connectionism Comment
Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (1849-1936)
The Life of Pavlov Pavlov's Research Comment
Vladimir M. Bekhterev (1857-1927)
Comment
Functionalism
10 Behaviorism: The Beginning
Introduction: John B. Watson (1878-1958)
Original Source Material on Behaviorism: From "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It"
Comment
The Methods of Behaviorism
The Subject Matter of Behaviorism
Specific Views and Concepts
Instinct Learning Emotion Thought
Watson's Popular Appeal
A Final Note
Criticisms of Watsonian Behaviorism
Contributions of Watsonian Behaviorism
11 Behaviorism: After the Founding
Early Behaviorists
Edwin B, Holt (1873-1946) Albert P. Weiss (1879-1931) Karl Lashley (1890-1958)
The Influence of Operationism
More Recent Behaviorists
Edward Chace Tolman (1886-1959) Edwin Ray Guthrie (1886-1959) Clark Leonard Hull(1884-1952) Burrhus Frederick Skinner (1904-)
Concluding Commentary on Behaviorism
12 Gestalt Psychology
Introduction
Antecedent Influences
The Founding of Gestalt Psychology
Max Wertheimer (1880-1943) Kurt Koffka (1886-1941) Wolfgang Köhler (1887-1967)
The Nature of the Gestalt Revolt
Original Source Material on Gestalt Psychology: From "Gestalt Theory"
Werthelmer's Principles of Organization
Gestalt Principles of Learning
The Mentality of Apes: Köhler Productive Thinking: Wertheimer
The Principle of Isomorphism
The Reaction in America
Post-Founding Developments
The Spread of Gestalt Psychology after the Founding Field Theory: Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) Lewin and Social Psychology
Criticisms of Gestalt Psychology
Contributions of Gestalt Psychology
13 Psychoanalysis: The Beginnings
Introduction
Historical Antecedents
Early Theories of the Unconscious The Influence from Psychopathology Other Sources of Influence
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and the Development of Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis as a Method of Treatment
Freud's Method of Research
Psychoanalysis as a System of Personality
The Unconscious and Conscious Aspects of Personality Instincts Anxiety Stages of Personality Development
Mechanism and Determinism in Freud's System
Early Conflicts between Psychology and Psychoanalysis
Criticisms of Psychoanalysis
Contributions of Psychoanalysis
14 Psychoanalysis: After the Founding
Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961)
The Life of Jung Jung's System: Analytical Psychology The Structure of Personality Personality Development Introversion-Extraversion Word Association Comment
Social-Psychological Theories in Psychoanalysis: The Zeitgeist Strikes Again
Alfred Adler (1870-1937): Individual Psychology
Karen Horney (1885-1952)
Horney's System Horney's Theory of Neurosis
Comment
Erich Fromm (1900-)
Comment
Critique of the Social-Psychological Theories
The Mainstream after Freud
15 Epilogue: More Recent Developments
The Dissolution of the Schools
Contemporary American Psychology
Methods Major Research Areas
Professionalization
Contemporary Psychology in Other Countries
Germany England Soviet Union Japan
Other Countries
The Future: Humanistic Psychology?
References…