Concepts similar to fuzzy measure have been introduced independently in many domains: in non-expected utility theory, cooperative game theory, complexity analysis, measure theory, etc. This book reflects all these facets. It gathers survey papers written by leading researchers in the field, covering a selection of most significant topics. The first part is devoted to fundamental and theoretical material, while the second part deals with more applied topics such as decision making and pattern recognition. The book is of interest to researchers in decision making, artificial intelligence, applied mathematics, mathematical social sciences, etc.