Provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging applications of ferroelectric materials in energy harvesting and storage Conventional ferroelectric materials are normally used in sensors and actuators, memory devices, and field effect transistors, etc. Recent progress in this area showed that ferroelectric materials can harvest energy from multiple sources including mechanical energy, thermal fluctuations, and light. This book gives a complete summary of the novel energy-related applications of ferroelectric materials?and reviews both the recent advances as well as the future perspectives in this field. Beginning with the fundamentals of ferroelectric materials, Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Applications offers in-depth chapter coverage of: piezoelectric energy generation; ferroelectric photovoltaics; organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites for solar energy conversion; ferroelectric ceramics and thin films in electric energy storage; ferroelectric polymer composites in electric energy storage; pyroelectric energy harvesting; ferroelectrics in electrocaloric cooling; ferroelectric in photocatalysis; and first-principles calculations on ferroelectrics for energy applications. -Covers a highly application-oriented subject with great potential for energy conversion and storage applications. -Focused toward a large, interdisciplinary group consisting of material scientists, solid state physicists, engineering scientists, and industrial researchers -Edited by the "father of integrated ferroelectrics" Ferroelectric Materials for Energy Applications is an excellent book for researchers working on ferroelectric materials and energy materials, as well as engineers looking to broaden their view of the field.
Autorentext
Haitao Huang, PhD, is Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China. His research includes materials for energy storage and conversion, such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and dye-sensitized solar cells, and ferroelectric materials.
James F. Scott, PhD, is Professor in the School of Physics and Astronomy and in the School of Chemistry at University of St Andrews, UK. He is an experimental condensed matter physicist with a strong interest in ferroelectric oxides and fluorides.
Inhalt
Preface xi
1 Fundamentals of Ferroelectric Materials 1
Ling B. Kong, Haitao Huang, and Sean Li
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Piezoelectric Mechanical Energy Harvesting 4
1.2.1 Piezoelectricity 4
1.2.2 Brief History of Modern Piezoelectric Ceramics 6
1.2.3 Principle of Piezoelectric Effect for Mechanical Energy Harvesting 7
1.3 PyroelectricThermal Energy Harvesting 10
1.3.1 Principle of Pyroelectric Effect 10
1.3.2 Pyroelectric Coefficient and Electrocaloric Coefficient 12
1.3.3 Primary and Secondary Pyroelectric Coefficient 14
1.3.4 Tertiary Pyroelectric Coefficient and Other Aspects 15
1.3.5 Pyroelectric Effect versus Phase Transition 17
1.4 Electrocaloric (EC) Effect of Ferroelectric Materials 19
1.5 Ferroelectric Photovoltaic Solar Energy Harvesting 23
1.6 Concluding Remarks 27
References 28
2 Piezoelectric Energy Generation 33
Hong G. Yeo and Susan Trolier-McKinstry
2.1 Kinetic Energy Harvesting 33
2.1.1 Theory of Kinetic Energy Harvesting 33
2.1.2 Kinetic Vibration Source in the Ambient 35
2.1.3 Transducers for Mechanical Energy Harvesting 36
2.2 Piezoelectric Vibration Harvesting 39
2.2.1 Piezoelectricity 39
2.2.2 Theory of Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting 40
2.3 Choice of Materials for Energy Harvesting 43
2.3.1 Materials for Piezoelectric MEMS Harvesting 43
2.3.2 Effect of Stress Induced by Substrate 45
2.4 Design and Configuration of Piezoelectric Harvester 47
2.4.1 Option of Piezoelectric Configuration 47
2.4.2 Unimorph and Bimorph Structures 48
2.4.3 Linear Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters 49
2.4.4 Nonlinear Energy Harvesting 49
2.5 Review of Piezoelectric Thin Films on Metal Substrate (Foils) 52
2.6 Conclusions 53
References 53
3 Ferroelectric Photovoltaics 61
Akash Bhatnagar
3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 Historical Background 62
3.2.1 Recent Studies 68
3.3 Modulation of the Effect 74
3.3.1 Polarization 74
3.3.2 Electrodes 77
3.3.3 Band Gap Engineering 79
3.3.4 Photo-mechanical Coupling 84
3.4 Summary and Outlook 88
References 89
4 OrganicInorganic Hybrid Perovskites for Solar Energy Conversion 95
Peng You and Feng Yan
4.1 Introduction 95
4.2 Fundamental Properties of Hybrid Perovskites 96
4.2.1 Crystal Structures 96
4.2.2 Optical Properties 97
4.2.3 Charge Transport Properties 98
4.2.4 Compositional Engineering and Bandgap Tuning 98
4.3 Synthesis of Hybrid Perovskite Crystals 99
4.3.1 Bulk Crystal Growth 99
4.3.2 Nanocrystal Synthesis 100
4.4 Deposition Methods of Perovskite Films 101
4.4.1 One-Step Solution Process 101
4.4.2 Two-Step Solution Process 102
4.4.3 Vapor-Phase Deposition 103
4.5 Efficiency Roadmap of Perovskite Solar Cells 103
4.6 Working Mechanism and Device Architectures of Perovskite Solar Cells 106
4.7 Key Challenges of Perovskite Solar Cells 108
4.7.1 Long-Term Stability 108
4.7.2 IV Hysteresis 110
4.7.3 Toxicity of Raw Materials 111
4.8 Summary and Perspectives 111
References 112
5 Dielectric Ceramics and Films for Electrical Energy Storage 119
Xihong Hao
5.1 Introduction 119
5.2 Principles of Dielectric Capacitors for Electrical Energy Storage 120
5.2.1 The Basic Knowledge on Capacitors 120
5.2.2 Some Important Parameters for Electrical Energy Storage 122
5.2.2.1 Energy-Storage Density 122
5.2.2.2 Energy Efficiency 122
5.2.2.3 Breakdown Strength (BDS) 123
5.2.2.4 Thermal Stability 124