New MATLAB examples and tools
In this book, two leading experts and long-time instructors thoroughly explain thermodynamics, taking the molecular perspective that working engineers require.
This edition contains extensive new coverage of today's fast-growing biochemical engineering applications, notably biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It also presents many new MATLAB examples and tools to complement its previous usage of Excel and other software.
Autorentext
J. Richard Elliott is Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Akron in Ohio. He has taught courses ranging from freshman tools to senior process design as well as thermodynamics at every level. He has worked with the NIST lab in Boulder and ChemStations in Houston. He holds a Ph.D. from Pennsylvania State University.
Carl T. Lira is Associate Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science at Michigan State University. He teaches thermodynamics at all levels, chemical kinetics, and material and energy balances. He has been recognized with the Amoco Excellence in Teaching Award and multiple presentations of the MSU Withrow Teaching Excellence Award. He holds a Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.
Klappentext
A Practical, Up-to-Date Introduction to Applied Thermodynamics, Including Coverage of Process Simulation Models and an Introduction to Biological Systems
Introductory Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Second Edition, helps readers master the fundamentals of applied thermodynamics as practiced today: with extensive development of molecular perspectives that enables adaptation to fields including biological systems, environmental applications, and nanotechnology. This text is distinctive in making molecular perspectives accessible at the introductory level and connecting properties with practical implications.
Features of the second edition include
- Hierarchical instruction with increasing levels of detail: Content requiring deeper levels of theory is clearly delineated in separate sections and chapters
- Early introduction to the overall perspective of composite systems like distillation columns, reactive processes, and biological systems
- Learning objectives, problem-solving strategies for energy balances and phase equilibria, chapter summaries, and "important equations" for every chapter
- Extensive practical examples, especially coverage of non-ideal mixtures, which include water contamination via hydrocarbons, polymer blending/recycling, oxygenated fuels, hydrogen bonding, osmotic pressure, electrolyte solutions, zwitterions and biological molecules, and other contemporary issues
- Supporting software in formats for both MATLAB® and spreadsheets
- Online supplemental sections and resources including instructor slides, ConcepTests, coursecast videos, and other useful resources
Inhalt
Preface xvii
About the Authors xix
Glossary xxi
Notation xxv
Unit I: First and Second Laws 1
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts 3
1.1 Introduction 5
1.2 The Molecular Nature of Energy, Temperature, and Pressure 6
1.3 The Molecular Nature of Entropy 15
1.4 Basic Concepts 15
1.5 Real Fluids and Tabulated Properties 22
1.6 Summary 33
1.7 Practice Problems 34
1.8 Homework Problems 35
Chapter 2: The Energy Balance 39
2.1 Expansion/Contraction Work 40
2.2 Shaft Work 41
2.3 Work Associated with Flow 41
2.4 Lost Work versus Reversibility 42
2.5 Heat Flow 46
2.6 Path Properties and State Properties 46
2.7 The Closed-System Energy Balance 48
2.8 The Open-System, Steady-State Balance 51
2.9 The Complete Energy Balance 56
2.10 Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Heat Capacities 57
2.11 Reference States 63
2.12 Kinetic and Potential Energy 66
2.13 Energy Balances for Process Equipment 68
2.14 Strategies for Solving Process Thermodynamics Problems 74
2.15 Closed and Steady-State Open Systems 75
2.16 Unsteady-State Open Systems 80
2.17 Details of Terms in the Energy Balance 85
2.18 Summary 86
2.19 Practice Problems 88
2.20 Homework Problems 90
Chapter 3: Energy Balances for Composite Systems 95
3.1 Heat Engines and Heat Pumps - The Carnot Cycle 96
3.2 Distillation Columns 101
3.3 Introduction to Mixture Properties 105
3.4 Ideal Gas Mixture Properties 106
3.5 Mixture Properties for Ideal Solutions 106
3.6 Energy Balance for Reacting Systems 109
3.7 Reactions in Biological Systems 119
3.8 Summary 121
3.9 Practice Problems 122
3.10 Homework Problems 122
Chapter 4: Entropy 129
4.1 The Concept of Entropy 130
4.2 The Microscopic View of Entropy 132
4.3 The Macroscopic View of Entropy 142
4.4 The Entropy Balance 153
4.5 Internal Reversibility 158
4.6 Entropy Balances for Process Equipment 159
4.7 Turbine, Compressor, and Pump Efficiency 164
4.8 Visualizing Energy and Entropy Changes 165
4.9 Turbine Calculations 166
4.10 Pumps and Compressors 173
4.11 Strategies for Applying the Entropy Balance 175
4.12 Optimum Work and Heat Transfer 177
4.13 The Irreversibility of Biological Life 181
4.14 Unsteady-State Open Systems 182
4.15 The Entropy Balance in Brief 185
4.16 Summary 185
4.17 Practice Problems 187
4.18 Homework Problems 189
Chapter 5: Thermodynamics Of Processes 199
5.1 The Carnot Steam Cycle 199
5.2 The Rankine Cycle 200
5.3 Rankine Modifications 203
5.4 Refrigeration 208
5.5 Liquefaction 212
5.6 Engines 214
5.7 Fluid Flow 214
5.8 Problem-Solving Strategies 214
5.9 Summary 215
5.10 Practice Problems 215
5.11 Homework Problems 216
Unit II: Generalized Analysis of Fluid Properties 223
Chapter 6: Classical Thermodynamics - Generalizations For Any Fluid 225
6.1 The Fundamental Property Relation 226
6.2 Derivative Relations 229
6.3 Advanced Topics 244
6.4 Summary 247
6.5 Practice Problems 248
6.6 Homework Problems 248
Chapter 7: Engineering Equations of State for PVT Properties 251
7.1 Experimental Measurements 252
7.2 Three-Parameter Corresponding States 253
7.3 Generalized Compressibility Factor Charts 256
7.4 The Virial Equation of State 258
7.5 Cubic Equations of State 260
7.6 Solving the Cubic Equation of State for Z 263
7.7 Implications of Real Fluid Behavior 269
7.8 Matching the Critical Point 270
7.9 The Molecular Basis of Equations of State: Concepts and Notation 271
7.10 The Molecular Basis of Equations of State: Molecular Simulation 276
7.11 The Molecular Basis of Equations of State: Analytical Theories 282
7.12 Summary 289
7.13 Practice Problems 290
7.14 Homework Problems 291
Chapter 8: Departure Functions 301
8.1 The Departure Function Pathway 302
8.2 Internal Energy Departure Function 304
8.3 Entropy Departure Function 307
8.4 Other Departure Functions 308
8.5 Summary of Density-Dependent Formulas 308
8.6 Pressure-Dependent Formulas 309
8.7 Implementation of Departure Formulas310
8.8 Reference States 318
8.9 Generalized Charts for the Enthalpy Departure 323
8.10 Summary 323
8.11 Practice Problems 325
8.12 Homework Problems326
Chapter 9: Phase Equilibrium in a Pure Fluid 335
9.1 Criteri…