A new translation of Karl Marx's controversial 1844 essay, which uses the question of Jewish civil rights as a jumping-off point for a consideration of what true liberation might mean.
Against all expectations, the Jews have returned to the center of world politics. Antisemites steer the right. Anti-Zionists stir the left. Everyone, everywhere, talks about the Jews. In the twentieth century, many thought the spread of liberal democracy and the creation of Israel would resolve the so-called Jewish Question. Today, there's hardly an issue the Jewish Question does not touch-from free speech and universities to immigration, genocide, and war.
Karl Marx would have recognized this world. The scion of an illustrious line of rabbis, Marx came of age in a society roiled by multiple Jewish questions: Should the Jews be emancipated? Did they have too much power? Should they convert? Could they become "one of us"? Behind this flurry of words, Marx saw something no one else saw: a gathering storm of burgeoning capitalist societies and unstable liberal states.
Since its publication in 1844, On the Jewish Question has vexed and provoked readers. Presented here in a new English translation-the first in many years-it speaks to us in unsettling ways. Marx unpacks the Jewish Question as the first of modernity's culture wars, where people turn their identities into property and their property into identities, even as, with characteristic urgency and wit, he makes the case that behind culture lie politics and economics, a liberalism now in decay and a capitalism now triumphant.
From Marx's daring critical perspective, the attacks to which stigmatized groups are to this day routinely subjected-not just Jews, but also Muslims, Arabs, and others-are best combated through an understanding that takes us beyond identity to a direct confrontation with, and indictment of, the larger social order.
Autorentext
Karl Marx (1818-1883) is one of the most influential figures of political philosophy and thought from the nineteenth century to the present day. Among his best-known writings are The Communist Manifesto, written with Friedrich Engels, and Capital.
Paul Reitter is a professor of Germanic languages and literature and former director of the Humanities Institute at the Ohio State University. His translations include the first volume of Marx's Capital, which won the 2025 Helen & Kurt Wolff Translator's Prize.
Alex Gourevitch is an associate professor of political science at Brown University. His most recent book is From Slavery to the Cooperative Commonwealth.
Corey Robin is Distinguished Professor of Political Science at Brooklyn College. He is the author of The Enigma of Clarence Thomas, The Reactionary Mind, and Fear.