Answers at your fingertips
This hands-on guide will help you trouble-shoot and solve
electrical problems in industrial and commercial settings. You'll
find plain-English explanations for a wide range of electrical
equipment and systems, from transformers and switchgears to alarm
and wiring systems. Use this book to quickly access reliable
information and improve your on-the-job skills.
* Get useful rules of thumb and quick tricks
* Discover formulas, charts, and tables essential for plant
electrical work
* Locate technical data quickly and get up to speed on everyday
electrical questions
* Packed with illustrations that help you grasp ideas quickly and
easily
Autorentext
L. W. BRITTIAN is a licensed electrician with extensive experience in heavy industry such as refineries, petrochemical plants, and oil and gas production. He has authored numerous training materials for the electrical trades, taught at Texas A&M University and Texas State Technical College, and presented electrical training classes in Africa, Canada, Malaysia, and the United States.
Klappentext
Answers at your fingertips
This hands-on guide will help you trouble-shoot and solve electrical problems in industrial and commercial settings. You'll find plain-English explanations for a wide range of electrical equipment and systems, from transformers and switchgears to alarm and wiring systems. Use this book to quickly access reliable information and improve your on-the-job skills.
-
Get useful rules of thumb and quick tricks
-
Discover formulas, charts, and tables essential for plant electrical work
-
Locate technical data quickly and get up to speed on everyday electrical questions
-
Packed with illustrations that help you grasp ideas quickly and easily
Inhalt
Introduction xiii
Disclaimer xv
Chapter 1 The Laws That Control and Explain Electricity 1
Power Factor 3
Three-Phase Power 6
Circuit Protective Devices 9
Chapter 2 Power Generation and Distribution Within Commercial and Industrial Facilities 11
Electrical Power Generators 17
Total Loads Served 17
Types of Onsite Power Generation 18
Chapter 3 Power, Control, and Lighting Transformer 21
Electrical Power 24
Insulation Material Temperature Rise 25
Grounding 26
Terminal Connection Markings 26
Three-Phase, OilCooled Power Transformers 26
Three-Phase Dry-Type Transformers 28
Dry-Type Single-Phase Control Circuit Transformers 29
Chapter 4 Electrical Switchgear 31
Motor Control Center 31
Primary Functions of Switchgear 32
Low-Voltage Power Distribution 33
Bus Bar and Circuit Breaker Arrangements 34
Optional Protective Devices 37
Metal-Clad Switchgear 38
Continuous Current Ratings 38
Arc-Resistant Switchgear 39
Chapter 5 Electrical Circuit Protective Devices 41
Molded Case Circuit Breakers 43
Miniature Circuit Breakers 45
Vacuum Circuit Breakers 45
Insulated Case Circuit Breakers 47
Low-voltage Power Circuit Breakers 47
Supplemental Protectors 47
Motor Circuit Protectors 47
Oil Circuit Breakers 48
Gas Insulated Circuit Breakers 48
Fuses 48
Circuit Breaker Maintenance 50
Coordination Between
Protective Devices 51
Chapter 6 Personnel Protective Devices 53
Introduction 53
Ground Fault Protection of Equipment 56
History and Nomenclature of GFCIs in the United States 56
Troubleshooting GFCIs 57
Time and Current Levels Protected by Circuit Breakers 58
Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters 59
Chapter 7 Three-Phase Motors 61
Electric Motor Principles of Operation 62
Rated Full Load Speed 66
Service Factor 67
Rated Ambient Temperature 67
Stator Winding Insulation Classes 68
Types of Torque Produced by a Motor 68
Chapter 8 Controlling and Protecting Three-Phase Motors 71
Components of a Motor Starter 71
Motor Starter Sizes 72
Methods of Starting Three-Phase Induction Motors 73
Full Voltage, Across the Line Motor Starters 73
How a Motor Starter Operates 73
Three-Wire Control Circuit Controlling a Three-Phase Motor Starter 76
Sizing of Overload Heater Elements 77
Chapter 9 Variable Frequency Drives 79
Four-Quadrant Operation 80
Torque 80
Parts of a Drive 82
Pulse Width Modulation 84
Six-Step Method of Drive Control 84
Programming Drives 85
Chapter 10 Programmable Logic Controllers 89
Black Box Concept 89
PLC Sizes 92
PLC Construction 92
Types of Inputs and Outputs 92
Timers 95
Counters 96
Benefits of Using PLCs 96
I/Os and Memory Adresses 97
Chapter 11 Electrical Services 99
Metering Equipment 101
Grounding of Electrical Systems 101
Bonding versus Grounding 103
Fault Current Path, Conduits, and Locknuts 103
Low and High Impedance Grounded Systems 104
Ungrounded Electrical Systems 104
Second Ground Fault 106
Separation of the Grounded
System Conductor (Neutral) and the Equipment Grounding Conductor 106
What Conductors Must Be Grounded 107
Separately Derived Systems 108
Standard Voltages 108
Chapt...