This book explores the trust deficit between citizens and the state in Niger and across the Sahel. Drawing on extensive field research and firsthand experience, it highlights how citizens often feel disconnected from formal institutions such as the judiciary, security forces, and elected governments. Surveys show that while confidence in these institutions is limited, citizens express strong trust in traditional and religious leaders, who play vital roles in maintaining social peace. The study finds that challenges such as corruption, insecurity, and unmet socio-economic needs have strained state-citizen relations. Yet it also reveals cautious optimism: many citizens see opportunities in recent political shifts and continue to hope for responsive governance. Importantly, the research identifies pathways to renewal - from transparent leadership and inclusive reforms to participatory governance and stronger community-based security. The book bridges theory and practice, offering both academics and policymakers a roadmap for restoring trust and democratic resilience in fragile states. It argues that legitimacy in the Sahel depends on a renewed social contract - where citizens engage constructively and the state demonstrates fairness, responsiveness, and accountability.

Louis Pasteur Musongera is a seasoned expert in peacebuilding, governance, and security sector reform, with more than two decades of leadership experience across Africa. He has worked extensively on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), institutional reform, and democratic consolidation, and holds a doctorate in Peace and Conflict Resolution alongside advanced degrees in international security and governance. In recent years, Musongera directed programs in Niger and across the Sahel, engaging government institutions, civil society, and international partners to strengthen accountability, transparency, and citizen-state relations. He has published widely on governance, anti-corruption, and counterterrorism. Combining academic rigor with practical expertise, Musongera brings a distinctive voice to debates on legitimacy, democratic resilience and inclusive state-building in fragile contexts in Africa.