Details the design and process of water supply systems, tracing the progression from source to sink * Organized and logical flow, tracing the connections in the water-supply system from the water's source to its eventual use * Emphasized coverage of water supply infrastructure and the design of water treatment processes * Inclusion of fundamentals and practical examples so as to connect theory with the realities of design * Provision of useful reference for practicing engineers who require a more in-depth coverage, higher level students studying drinking water systems as well as students in preparation for the FE/PE examinations * Inclusion of examples and homework questions in both SI and US units
Autorentext
NAZIH K. SHAMMAS is currently a consultant, book editor and author. He has been an environmental expert, researcher, professor, and consultant for more than 40 years. He was Dean and Director at the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and consultant to Krofta Engineering Corporation as well as the recipient of a Block Grant from the University of Michigan, First Award for best thesis of the year from the Sigma Xi Society, Commendation from ABET, and the GCC Prize for Best Environmental Work. Dr Shammas is included for more than 20 years in 5 of the Who's Who Publications. He is the author of over 250 publications and 20 environmental engineering books.
LAWRENCE K. WANG is currently a consultant to industries, municipalities, and the US Federal and local governments. He has been a facility manager, design engineer, inventor, professor, and book editor for more than 45 years. He was acting president of the Lenox Institute of Water Technology and Engineering Director of Krofta Engineering Corporation, as well as a recipient of the 5-Star Innovative Engineering Award, the NYWEA Kenneth Research Award, and the Korean WPCA Engineering Award. Dr Wang is an inventor of 29 US and foreign patents, and an author of 700+ scientific papers and 40+ engineering books. He is listed in the Who's Who in America and Who's Who of the World.
Inhalt
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xix
1 Introduction to Water Systems 1
1.1 Components of Water Systems 2
1.2 Required Capacity 2
1.3 Sources of Water Supply 3
1.4 Rainwater 4
1.5 Surface Water 5
1.6 Groundwater 6
1.7 Purification Works 9
1.8 Transmission Works 12
1.9 Distribution Works 12
1.10 Water Systems Management 15
1.11 Individual Water Systems 17
Problems/Questions 18
References 19
2 Water Sources: Surface Water 21
2.1 Sources of Surface Water 21
2.2 Safe Yield of Streams 24
2.3 Storage as a Function of Draft and Runoff 24
2.4 Design Storage 25
2.5 Loss by Evaporation, Seepage, and Silting 27
2.6 Area and Volume of Reservoirs 31
2.7 Management of Catchment Areas 32
2.8 Reservoir Siting 33
2.9 Reservoir Management 33
2.10 Dams and Dikes 34
2.11 Spillways 36
2.12 Intakes 37
2.13 Diversion Works 38
2.14 Collection of Rainwater 39
Problems/Questions 41
References 42
3 Water Sources: Groundwater 45
3.1 Porosity and Effective Porosity 45
3.2 Permeability 47
3.3 Groundwater Geology 47
3.4 Groundwater Situation in The United States 48
3.5 Types of Aquifers 48
3.6 Groundwater Movement 49
3.7 Darcy's Law 49
3.8 Aquifer Characteristics 50
3.9 Well Hydraulics 52
3.10 Nonsteady Radial Flow 52
3.11 Prediction of Drawdown 60
3.12 Multiple-Well Systems 63
3.13 Aquifer Boundaries 67
3.14 Characteristics of Wells 70
3.15 Yield of a Well 71
3.16 Well Design 73
3.17 Well Construction 74
3.18 Evaluation of Aquifer Behavior 77
3.19 Groundwater Quality Management 78
3.20 Groundwater Under the Direct Influence of Surface Water 79
Problems/Questions 84
References 85
4 Quantities of Water Demand 87
4.1 Design Period 87
4.2 Design Population 88
4.3 Water Consumption 92
4.4 Variations or Patterns of Water Demand 96
4.5 Demand and Drainage Loads of Buildings 104
Problems/Questions 106
References 106
5 Water Hydraulics, Transmission, and Appurtenances 109
5.1 Fluid Mechanics, Hydraulics, and Water Transmission 109
5.2 Fluid Transport 121
5.3 Capacity and Size of Conduits 152
5.4 Multiple Lines 154
5.5 Cross-Sections 155
5.6 Structural Requirements 155
5.7 Location 156
5.8 Materials of Construction 159
5.9 Appurtenances 160
5.10 Additional Hydraulics Topics 164
Problems/Questions 172
References 178
6 Water Distribution Systems: Components, Design, and Operation 181
6.1 Distribution Systems 181
6.2 System Components 183
6.3 System Capacity 185
6.4 System Pressure 185
6.5 Field Performance of Existing Systems 186
6.6 Office Studies of Pipe Networks 187
6.7 Industrial Water Systems 197
6.8 Management, Operation, and Maintenance of Distribution Systems 197
6.9 Practical Design and Analysis of Water Distribution Systems 202
Problems/Questions 205
References 210
7 Water Distribution Systems: Modeling and Computer Applications 213
7.1 Watergems Software 213
7.2 Water Demand Patterns 213
7.3 Energy Losses and Gains 214
7.4 Pipe Networks 215
7.5 Network Analysis 216
7.6 Water Quality Modeling 216
7.7 Automated Optimization 218
7.8 Practical Applications of Computer-Aided Water Supply System Analysis 232
Problems/Questions 233
References 240
8 Pumping, Storage, and Dual Water Systems 241
8.1 Pumps and Pumping Stations 241
8.2 Pump Characteristics 241
8.3 Service Storage 248
8.4 Location of Storage 251
8.5 Elevation of Storage 251
8.6 Types of Distributing Reservoirs 251
8.7 Dual Water Supply Systems 257
8.8 Raw Water Intake Structures and Raw Water Pumping Wells 260
Problems/Questions 262
References 266
9 Cross-Connection Control 267
9.1 Introduction 267
9.2 Public Health Significance of Cross-Connections 268
9.3 Theory of Backflow and Backsiphonage 276
9.4 Methods and Devices for the Prevention of Backflow and Backsiphonage 280
9.5 Reduced Pressure Principle Backflow Preventer 285
9.6 Administration of a Cross-Connection Control Program 289
9.7 Pressure and Leakage Tests of Water Mains 291
Problems/Questions 293
References 295
10 Water Quality Characteristics and Drinking Water Standards 297
10.1 Objectives of Water-Quality Management 297
10.2 Natural Available Water Resources 297
10.3 Public Health Issues and Drinking Water Treatment 298
10.4 Physical Characteristics and Constituents 300
10.5 Chemical Characteristics and Constituents 301
10.6 Biological Characteristics and Constituents 307
10.7 Radiological Characteristics and Constituents 310
10.8 Drinking Water Quality Standards 311
10.9 Industrial Water Quality Standards 313
10.10 Bathing Waters 317
10.11 Fishing and Shellfish Waters 317
10.12 Irrigation Waters 319
10.13 Quality of Water from Various Sources 319
10.14 Good Quality Water 320
10.15 Self-Purification and Storage 320
10.16 Objectives of Water Examination 321
10.17 Methods of Examination 321
10.18 Standard Tests 322
10.19 Expression of Analytical Results 322
10.20 Tapping a Source of Water 322
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