Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology consists of transmitting radio signals over frequency bandwidths from 500 MHz to several GHz. Its unique characteristics may be exploited for the design of high data rate wireless communication systems, as well as localization and imaging applications. The development and optimization of such systems require a precise knowledge of the radio transmission medium. This book examines all aspects of the propagation channel for UWB systems. UWB technology is first presented, with a particular emphasis being placed on its applications, spectrum regulation issues, and the different communication techniques. The authors introduce the theoretical bases of radioelectric propagation and give an overview of the channel sounding techniques adapted for UWB signals. The two main principles of UWB channel modeling are finally exposed and illustrated: deterministic channel modeling, based on the simulation of the propagation phenomena in a given environment, and statistical channel modeling, which relies on the experimental analysis of the main channel characteristics.
Autorentext
Pascal Pagani has been with France Telecom Research &
Development since 2002, where he specializes in the
characterization and modeling of the transmission channel and on
the development of advanced communication systems for the home
network environment.
Friedman Tchoffo Talom is an R&D engineer at Satimo,
France, having previously been a research engineer at the
Laboratory of electronics and Information Technology (LETI) of the
Atomic Energy Commission (CEA).
Patrice Pajusco Joined France Telecom Research &
Development in 1993. From 1999 to 2007, he managed a propagation
research group. Currently, he is a senior research expert working
on radio propagation.
Bernard Uguen is a Professor at the University of Rennes
1, France. He is a specialist in radio wave propagation and in ray
tracing techniques for deterministic radio channel simulation.
Inhalt
Foreword 11
Acronyms 17
Chapter 1. UWB Technology and its Applications 21
1.1. Introduction 21
1.2. Definition and historical evolution 22
1.2.1. Definition 22
1.2.2. Historical evolution 23
1.3. Specificities of UWB 24
1.4. Considered applications 26
1.5. Regulation evolution 30
1.5.1. Regulation in the USA 31
1.5.2. Regulation in Europe 32
1.5.3. Regulation in Asia 33
1.6. UWB communication system and standardization 34
1.6.1. Impulse radio 35
1.6.1.1. Pulse position modulation 35
1.6.1.2. Pulse amplitude modulation 38
1.6.2. Direct sequence UWB 39
1.6.3.Multiband OFDM 40
1.7. Conclusion 41
Chapter 2. Radio Wave Propagation 43
2.1. Introduction 43
2.2. Definition of the propagation channel 43
2.2.1. Free space propagation 44
2.2.2. Multipath propagation 45
2.2.3. Propagation channel variations 47
2.2.3.1. Spatial selectivity 48
2.2.3.2. Frequency selectivity 48
2.2.3.3. Doppler effect 50
2.3. Propagation channel representation 51
2.3.1.Mathematical formulation 51
2.3.2. Characterization of deterministic channels 52
2.3.2.1. The time varying impulse response 53
2.3.2.2. The frequency domain function 53
2.3.2.3. The time varying transfer function 54
2.3.2.4. The delay-Doppler spread function 54
2.3.3. Characterization of linear random channels 54
2.3.4. Channel classification 55
2.3.4.1.Wide sense stationary channels 55
2.3.4.2. Uncorrelated scattering channels 56
2.3.4.3. Wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering channels 57
2.4. Channel characteristic parameters 58
2.4.1. Frequency selectivity 58
2.4.1.1. RMS delay spread 59
2.4.1.2. Coherence bandwidth 59
2.4.1.3. Delay window and delay interval 60
2.4.1.4. Exponential decay constants 61
2.4.1.5. Cluster and ray arrival rates 61
2.4.2. Propagation loss 62
2.4.3. Fast fading 63
2.4.4. Spectral analysis 64
2.5. Conclusion 64
Chapter 3. UWB Propagation Channel Sounding 67
3.1. Introduction 67
3.2. Specificity of UWB channel sounding 67
3.3. Measurement techniques for UWB channel sounding 70
3.3.1. Frequency domain techniques 71
3.3.1.1. Vector network analyzer 71
3.3.1.2. Chirp sounder 72
3.3.2. Time domain techniques 73
3.3.2.1. Pulsed techniques 73
3.3.2.2. Correlation measurements 75
3.3.2.3. Inversion techniques 78
3.3.3. Multiple-band time domain sounder for dynamic channels 78
3.3.3.1. Principle of multiple-band time domain sounding 80
3.3.3.2. Description of the SIMO channel sounder 81
3.3.3.3. Extension towards UWB 81
3.3.3.4. Experimental validation 84
3.4. UWB measurement campaigns 85
3.4.1. Overview of UWB measurement campaigns 85
3.4.2. Illustration of channel sounding experiments 91
3.4.2.1. Static measurement campaign over the 3.110.6 GHz band 91
3.4.2.2. Static measurement campaign over the 26 GHz band 95
3.4.2.3. Dynamic measurement campaign over the 45 GHz band 95
3.5. Conclusion 98
Chapter 4. Deterministic Modeling of the UWB Channel 99
4.1. Introduction 99
4.2. Overview of deterministic modeling 99
4.2.1. FDTD based approach 100
4.2.2.MoMbased approach 100
4.2.3. Ray based approach 101
4.3. Specificity of deterministic modeling in UWB 101
4.4. Overview of UWB deterministic modeling 102
4.4.1. Qiu model 102
4.4.2. Yao model 102
4.4.3. Attiya model 103
4.4.4. Uguen and Tchoffo Talom model 104
4.5. Illustration of a determinist...