Covering common problems, likely failures and their remedies, this is an essential on-site guide to the behaviour of a building's structure. Presented in a clear structure and user-friendly style, the book goes through all the structural aspects of a building and assesses the importance of the different components. It explains the structural behaviour of buildings, giving some of the basics of structures together with plenty of real-life examples and guidance.
Autorentext
Paul Smith, BEng (Hons) Civil Engineering, MSc Engineering Management, CEng Chartered Engineer, has worked for over 20 years in public and private sectors, mainly on infrastructure projects. He now runs his own company, Geomex - Structural Engineers & Architectural Design Consultants which specialises in architectural design, surveying, project management and structural design.
Klappentext
Presented in a clear structure and user-friendly style, Paul Smith?s Structural Design of Buildings goes through all the structural aspects of a building and assesses the importance of the different components. Many people undertake, supervise or survey buildings without fully understanding and appreciating the key structural parameters in their construction. This essential on-site guide to the behaviour of a building?s structure gives some of the basics of structures together with plenty of real-life examples. Essentially a practical book, it will not over-complicate the theoretical aspects but will explain the structural importance of the different parts of a building and examine common problems, the most frequent causes of structural failures, and their remedies. Written for building surveyors and designers as well as building control officers and building owners, the book explains how structures differ between modern and traditional buildings and, in particular, the likely failures if the structural components are not given proper consideration. This is a resource for the planning stages and also for use on site. The guidance offered is developed from the author?s many years of responding to requests from building professionals for clarification of the behaviour of the structural elements of buildings. The book is relevant to new build, renovations, alterations, conversions or examining an existing structural problem; it covers both domestic and commercial buildings.
Inhalt
Acknowledgements xvii
About the Author xv
Introduction xvii
Chapter 1 The History of Buildings 1
The development of building knowledge 1
Styles of architecture and building construction 2
Chapter 2 Loadings and Aspects of Structural Theory Relating to Buildings 19
Weight and mass 19
Permanent actions or dead loads 19
Variable actions or imposed loads 20
Wind load 20
Accidental actions 26
Seismic action 26
BS EN 1991: Actions on structures EC1 26
Combinations of load and factors of safety 26
Stress 27
Strain 27
Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity 27
Plastic deformation 27
Buckling 29
Local buckling 29
Second moment of area 29
Centre of gravity 30
Lateral torsional buckling 30
Neutral axis 30
Bending force 30
Shear force and bending moment 31
Deflection 31
Static equilibrium 31
Internal forces 32
Derivation of shear force 35
Derivation of bending moment 35
Derivation of deflection 36
Basic theory of bending 37
Moment of resistance 39
Combined bending and direct stress 40
External and internal statically determinate structures 40
Connections and restraints 41
Stiffness 44
Buildings and load paths 45
Chapter 3 The Construction of Buildings 49
Breathable and non-breathable construction 49
Timber frame 51
Stone 64
Modern timber frame construction 81
Solid brick construction 81
Cavity construction 82
Steel construction 84
Commercial steel portal frames 87
Precast concrete construction 88
Chapter 4 Steel 93
Steel properties 93
Lateral torsional buckling 93
The effect of end restraints on a beam 93
Bending failure 101
Local buckling 101
Shear failure 102
Web bearing and buckling 102
Deflection 102
Fire and corrosion 102
Chapter 5 Concrete 105
The history of cement and concrete 105
Cement 105
Water and workability now known as consistence 106
Failure of concrete 107
Strength of concrete 109
Concrete mix designs 109
Creep 111
Environment 111
Air-entrained concrete 111
Accelerators and retarders 112
Plasticizers 112
Fly ash, silica flume and ground granulated blast furnace slag 112
Anti-corrosion 112
Chapter 6 Timber 113
Grading of timber 113
Moisture 113
Air-dried timber 119
Kiln-dried timber 119
Dimensions of timber 120
Shear 120
Bending 120
Deflection 121
Chapter 7 Foundations 123
Purpose of foundations 123
The history of foundations 123
Building Regulation requirements 124
Stepped foundation 125
Types of foundation 126
Piles 132
Bearing pressure 134
Bearing capacity 134
Eccentric loading on foundations 137
Climatic and moisture changes 138
Physical damage by trees 139
Underpinning 139
Chapter 8 Walls 141
The strength of walls 141
Masonry unit 141
Frost resistance and soluble salts 142
Concrete blocks 143
Mortar 143
Lime putty (non-hydraulic lime) 144
Hydraulic lime 144
Important rules in the use of lime mortars 144
Cement 145
Characteristic strength of masonry 145